Notas de lançamento do openSUSE 12.1

YaST AppArmor Configuration Module

FATE Categories for https://features.opensuse.org/305278: AppArmor, YaST.

Find the AppArmor Configuration module now in the "Security and Users" section of the YaST Control Center.

Documentação do openSUSE

• In Start-Up, find step-by-step installation instructions, as well as introductions to the KDE and Gnome desktops and to the LibreOffice suite. Also covered are basic administration topics such as deployment and software management and an introduction to the bash shell.

• Reference covers administration, and system configuration in detail and explains how to set up various network services.

• O Guia de Segurança introduz conceitos básicos de segurança do sistema, cobrindo ambos os aspectos de segurança local e de rede.

• O Guia de Análise e Ajuste do Sistema ajuda com problemas de detecção, resolução e otimização.

• O Guia de Virtualização com o KVM oferece uma introdução sobre a configuração e gerenciamento de virtualização com as ferramentas KVM, libvirt e QEMU.

GNOME 3

GNOME 3 offers a new design for the desktop that is different from GNOME 2. As a result, and in order to have users benefit from the changes, the look and feel of your GNOME 2 desktop will not be migrated automatically. The System Settings can be used to customize GNOME 3, and an advanced tool (gnome-tweak-tool) is provided for more detailed customization.

The standard mode of GNOME 3 requires support for 3D acceleration in the graphic drivers. When 3D acceleration is not available, GNOME 3 then uses the fallback mode. If it turns out that GNOME 3 detects availability of 3D acceleration, but the standard mode is unusable, then you likely hit a bug in the graphic drivers. You can force the fallback mode with the "gnome.fallback=1" argument on the boot line in grub.

If you use the fallback mode, you can customize the panels by pressing Alt when right-clicking on a panel.

For a brief description of many GNOME Shell features, such as keybindings, drag and drop capabilities, and special utilities, see https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet.

PulseAudio Sound System

The PulseAudio sound system is now system-wide integrated and enabled by default for new installation. If you disabled it on a previous release, and want to enable it now, check the PULSEAUDIO_ENABLE variable in /etc/sysconfig/sound:

Set PULSEAUDIO_ENABLE to "yes" to forcefully enable PA everywhere. Setting PULSEAUDIO_ENABLE to "no" will disable PulseAudio completely, and setting it to "custom" means to keep a custom configuration untouched.

Windows Domain Logon with KDM

The SUSE KDM theme does not allow Windows Domain logons.

To work around this issue, set DISPLAYMANAGER_KDM_THEME to an empty string in /etc/sysconfig/displaymanager to use the default KDM theme:

DISPLAYMANAGER_KDM_THEME=""

Oracle Java Externally Available

The java-1_6_0-sun package is not anymore part of openSUSE due to a license change. We ship the OpenJDK build as a replacement. openSUSE users who prefer to use the Oracle JDK binary version over the openSUSE OpenJDK build, can download the Oracle version from http://oracle.com/java.

Mounting Encrypted Partitions with systemd

If encrypted partitions are not automatically mounted with systemd, the noauto flag in /etc/fstab for these partitions could be the cause. Replacing this flag with nofail will fix it. For instance, change the following line:

/dev/mapper/cr_sda3  /home   ext4    acl,user_xattr,noauto 0 2

para

/dev/mapper/cr_sda3  /home   ext4    acl,user_xattr,nofail 0 2

Inicializando a placa de vídeo com KMS (Kernel Mode Setting)

Com o openSUSE 11.3 nós mudamos para o KMS (Kernel Mode Setting) para as placas de vídeo Intel, ATI e NVIDIA, que agora é nosso padrão. Se você encontrou problemas com o suporte ao driver KMS (intel, radeon, nouveau), desabilite o KMS adicionando nomodeset à linha de comando de inicialização do kernel. Para definir isto permanentemente, adicione isto à linha de comando do kernel em /boot/grub/menu.lst. Esta opção faz com que o módulo do kernel apropriado (intel, radeon, nouveau) seja carregado com modeset=0 no initrd, isto é, com o KMS desabilitado.

Em casos raros, ao carregar o módulo DRM a partir do initrd é um problema geral e não relacionado ao KMS, é ainda possível desabilitar o carregamento do módulo DRM no initrd completamente. Para isto, defina a variável do sysconfig NO_KMS_IN_INITRD para yes através do YaST, que irá recriar o initrd. Reinicie a máquina.

Na Intel sem o KMS o Xserver usa o driver fbdev (o driver intel somente suporta KMS); alternativamente, para GPUs antigas da Intel o driver "intellegacy" (pacote xorg-x11-driver-video-intel-legacy) está disponível, que ainda suporta o UMS (User Mode Setting). Para usá-lo, edite o arquivo /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-device.conf e altere a entrada do driver para intellegacy.

Na ATI para as GPUs atuais, ele usa radeonhd. Na NVIDIA sem KMS o driver nv é usado (o driver nouveau somente suporta KMS). Note que, GPUs novas da ATI e da NVIDIA estão usando o fbdev se você especificar o parâmetro de inicialização do kernel nomodeset.

Radeon HDMI Sound Output Being Disabled

Due to problems on some hardware HDMI sound output has been disabled by default on the radeon driver, which is the default driver for AMD/ATI graphics cards.

It can be re-enabled by adding radeon.audio=1 as a kernel parameter. In YaST, go to System -> Boot Loader, then click Edit on the default entry, and add the following to the end of 'Optional Kernel Command Line Parameter':

radeon.audio=1

Then reboot to apply the change.

Alternatively, users can install the proprietary driver from AMD. For more information, see http://en.opensuse.org/SDB:ATI_drivers.

System Shutdown with systemd

To halt and poweroff the system when using systemd, issue halt -p or shutdown -h now on the command-line or use the shutdown button provided by your desktop environment.

Note: A plain halt will not shutdown the system properly.

systemd: Supplying Service Start-up Parameters

systemctl only supports "standard" parameters (see http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Incompatibilities).

You can bypass this new behavior by calling the start-up script directly, for example:

cd /etc/init.d
./apache2 <your_parameters>

Booting with systemd or sysvinit

By default, openSUSE now boots using systemd. In case of trouble, you can switch back to the old way using sysvinit by pressing the F5 key on the boot.

If you want to switch to sysvinit permanently, install the sysvinit-init package. To switch back to systemd, reinstall the systemd-sysvinit package.

CUPS 1.5

CUPS 1.5 comes with backward incompatible changes:

• CUPS no longer supports the ~/.cupsrc or ~/.lpoptions configuration files from CUPS 1.1. Instead use ~/.cups/client.conf and ~/.cups/lpoptions that were introduced with CUPS 1.2.

• The scheduler now requires that filters and backends have group write permissions disabled for improved security. If you use third party printer drivers from manufacturers with relaxed file permissions, adjust the permissions manually.

O comando rename

According to the GNU Coding Standards, the rename command now treats all strings beginning with a dash as a command line option. To prevent this, separate the option from the other arguments with -- as follows:

#!/bin/bash
for f in *.jpg ; do
  rename -- ".jpg" "-$RANDOM.jpg" $f ;
done

NetworkManager Command Line Interface

cnetworkmanager is no longer available—use nmcli instead. For migration information, see http://repo.or.cz/w/cnetworkmanager.git/blob_plain/HEAD:/nmcli-migration.html.

rpm: %_topdir Changed for Non-root Users

Unprivileged users can no longer write to /usr/src/packages. rpmbuild> now uses ~/rpmbuild by default. To change the directory add a line as follows to ~/.rpmmacros:

%_topdir /some/where/else

To use the subdirectory foo of $HOME add to ~/.rpmmacros:

%_topdir %{getenv:HOME}/foo