Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev

Contents

19.1. The /dev Directory
19.2. Kernel uevents and udev
19.3. Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices
19.4. Booting and Initial Device Setup
19.5. Monitoring the Running udev Daemon
19.6. Influencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules
19.7. Persistent Device Naming
19.8. Files used by udev
19.9. For More Information

The kernel can add or remove almost any device in a running system. Changes in the device state (whether a device is plugged in or removed) need to be propagated to userspace. Devices need to be configured as soon as they are plugged in and recognized. Users of a certain device need to be informed about any changes in this device's recognized state. udev provides the needed infrastructure to dynamically maintain the device node files and symbolic links in the /dev directory. udev rules provide a way to plug external tools into the kernel device event processing. This enables you to customize udev device handling by, for example, adding certain scripts to execute as part of kernel device handling, or request and import additional data to evaluate during device handling.

The /dev Directory

The device nodes in the /dev directory provide access to the corresponding kernel devices. With udev, the /dev directory reflects the current state of the kernel. Every kernel device has one corresponding device file. If a device is disconnected from the system, the device node is removed.

The content of the /dev directory is kept on a temporary file system and all files are rendered at every system start-up. Manually created or modified files do not, by design, survive a reboot. Static files and directories that should always be present in the /dev directory regardless of the state of the corresponding kernel device can be placed in the /lib/udev/devices directory. At system start-up, the contents of that directory is copied to the /dev directory with the same ownership and permissions as the files in /lib/udev/devices.