SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Documentation ▶

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3

Administration Guide

Publication Date 14 Jun 2013

Copyright © 2006–2013 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.

For SUSE and Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell.com/company/legal/trademarks/tmlist.html. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a SUSE or Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark.

All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its affiliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents

About This Guide
1. Available Documentation
2. Feedback
3. Documentation Conventions
I. Support and Common Tasks
1. YaST Online Update
1.1. The Online Update Dialog
1.2. Installing Patches
1.3. Automatic Online Update
2. Gathering System Information for Support
2.1. Overview
2.2. Collecting Information Using Supportconfig
2.3. Submitting Information to Novell
2.4. For More Information
3. YaST in Text Mode
3.1. Navigation in Modules
3.2. Restriction of Key Combinations
3.3. YaST Command Line Options
4. Snapshots/Rollback with Snapper
4.1. Requirements
4.2. Using Snapper to Undo System Changes
4.3. Manually Creating and Managing Snapshots
4.4. Limitations
4.5. Frequently Asked Questions
4.6. Using Snapper on Thin-Provisioned LVM Volumes
5. Remote Access with VNC
5.1. One-time VNC Sessions
5.2. Persistent VNC Sessions
6. Managing Software with Command Line Tools
6.1. Using Zypper
6.2. RPM—the Package Manager
7. Bash and Bash Scripts
7.1. What is “The Shell”?
7.2. Writing Shell Scripts
7.3. Redirecting Command Events
7.4. Using Aliases
7.5. Using Variables in Bash
7.6. Grouping And Combining Commands
7.7. Working with Common Flow Constructs
7.8. For More Information
II. System
8. 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment
8.1. Runtime Support
8.2. Software Development
8.3. Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms
8.4. Kernel Specifications
9. Booting and Configuring a Linux System
9.1. The Linux Boot Process
9.2. The init Process
9.3. System Configuration via /etc/sysconfig
10. The Boot Loader GRUB
10.1. Booting with GRUB
10.2. Configuring the Boot Loader with YaST
10.3. Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader
10.4. Creating Boot CDs
10.5. The Graphical SUSE Screen
10.6. Troubleshooting
10.7. For More Information
11. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
11.1. Secure Boot
11.2. For More Information
12. Special System Features
12.1. Information about Special Software Packages
12.2. Virtual Consoles
12.3. Keyboard Mapping
12.4. Language and Country-Specific Settings
13. Printer Operation
13.1. The Workflow of the Printing System
13.2. Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers
13.3. Installing the Software
13.4. Network Printers
13.5. Printing from the Command Line
13.6. Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
13.7. Troubleshooting
14. Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
14.1. The /dev Directory
14.2. Kernel uevents and udev
14.3. Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices
14.4. Booting and Initial Device Setup
14.5. Monitoring the Running udev Daemon
14.6. Influencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules
14.7. Persistent Device Naming
14.8. Files used by udev
14.9. For More Information
15. The X Window System
15.1. Manually Configuring the X Window System
15.2. Installing and Configuring Fonts
15.3. For More Information
16. Accessing File Systems with FUSE
16.1. Configuring FUSE
16.2. Available FUSE Plug-ins
16.3. For More Information
III. Mobile Computers
17. Mobile Computing with Linux
17.1. Laptops
17.2. Mobile Hardware
17.3. Cellular Phones and PDAs
17.4. For More Information
18. Wireless LAN
18.1. WLAN Standards
18.2. Operating Modes
18.3. Authentication
18.4. Encryption
18.5. Configuration with YaST
18.6. Tips and Tricks for Setting Up a WLAN
18.7. Troubleshooting
18.8. For More Information
19. Power Management
19.1. Power Saving Functions
19.2. Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
19.3. Rest for the Hard Disk
19.4. Troubleshooting
19.5. For More Information
20. Using Tablet PCs
20.1. Installing Tablet PC Packages
20.2. Configuring Your Tablet Device
20.3. Using the Virtual Keyboard
20.4. Rotating Your Display
20.5. Using Gesture Recognition
20.6. Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen
20.7. Troubleshooting
20.8. For More Information
IV. Services
21. Basic Networking
21.1. IP Addresses and Routing
21.2. IPv6—The Next Generation Internet
21.3. Name Resolution
21.4. Configuring a Network Connection with YaST
21.5. NetworkManager
21.6. Configuring a Network Connection Manually
21.7. Setting Up Bonding Devices
21.8. smpppd as Dial-up Assistant
22. SLP Services in the Network
22.1. Installation
22.2. Activating SLP
22.3. SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
22.4. Installation over SLP
22.5. Providing Services via SLP
22.6. For More Information
23. Time Synchronization with NTP
23.1. Configuring an NTP Client with YaST
23.2. Manually Configuring NTP in the Network
23.3. Dynamic Time Synchronization at Runtime
23.4. Setting Up a Local Reference Clock
23.5. Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR)
24. The Domain Name System
24.1. DNS Terminology
24.2. Installation
24.3. Configuration with YaST
24.4. Starting the BIND Name Server
24.5. The /etc/named.conf Configuration File
24.6. Zone Files
24.7. Dynamic Update of Zone Data
24.8. Secure Transactions
24.9. DNS Security
24.10. For More Information
25. DHCP
25.1. Configuring a DHCP Server with YaST
25.2. DHCP Software Packages
25.3. The DHCP Server dhcpd
25.4. For More Information
26. Using NetworkManager
26.1. Use Cases for NetworkManager
26.2. Enabling or Disabling NetworkManager
26.3. Configuring Network Connections
26.4. Using KNetworkManager
26.5. Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet
26.6. NetworkManager and VPN
26.7. NetworkManager and Security
26.8. Frequently Asked Questions
26.9. Troubleshooting
26.10. For More Information
27. Samba
27.1. Terminology
27.2. Starting and Stopping Samba
27.3. Configuring a Samba Server
27.4. Configuring Clients
27.5. Samba as Login Server
27.6. Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory
27.7. For More Information
28. Sharing File Systems with NFS
28.1. Terminology
28.2. Installing NFS Server
28.3. Configuring NFS Server
28.4. Configuring Clients
28.5. For More Information
29. File Synchronization
29.1. Available Data Synchronization Software
29.2. Determining Factors for Selecting a Program
29.3. Introduction to CVS
29.4. Introduction to rsync
29.5. For More Information
30. The Apache HTTP Server
30.1. Quick Start
30.2. Configuring Apache
30.3. Starting and Stopping Apache
30.4. Installing, Activating, and Configuring Modules
30.5. Getting CGI Scripts to Work
30.6. Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL
30.7. Avoiding Security Problems
30.8. Troubleshooting
30.9. For More Information
31. Setting up an FTP Server with YaST
31.1. Starting the FTP Server
31.2. FTP General Settings
31.3. FTP Performance Settings
31.4. Authentication
31.5. Expert Settings
31.6. For More Information
32. The Squid Proxy Server
32.1. Some Facts about Proxy Caches
32.2. System Requirements
32.3. Starting Squid
32.4. The /etc/squid/squid.conf Configuration File
32.5. Configuring a Transparent Proxy
32.6. cachemgr.cgi
32.7. squidGuard
32.8. Cache Report Generation with Calamaris
32.9. For More Information
33. Web Based Enterprise Management Using SFCB
33.1. Introduction and Basic Concept
33.2. Setting up SFCB
33.3. SFCB CIMOM Configuration
33.4. Advanced SFCB Tasks
33.5. For More Information
V. Troubleshooting
34. Help and Documentation
34.1. Documentation Directory
34.2. Man Pages
34.3. Info Pages
34.4. Online Resources
35. Common Problems and Their Solutions
35.1. Finding and Gathering Information
35.2. Installation Problems
35.3. Boot Problems
35.4. Login Problems
35.5. Network Problems
35.6. Data Problems
35.7. IBM System z: Using initrd as a Rescue System
A. An Example Network
B. GNU Licenses
B.1. GNU Free Documentation License

List of Figures

1.1. YaST Online Update—Qt Interface
1.2. YaST Online Update—GTK Interface
3.1. Main Window of YaST in Text Mode
3.2. The Software Installation Module
9.1. System Services (Runlevel)
9.2. System Configuration Using the sysconfig Editor
10.1. Boot Loader Settings
11.1. UEFI: Secure Boot Process
17.1. Integrating a Mobile Computer in an Existing Environment
18.1. YaST: Configuring the Wireless Network Card
20.1. xvkbd Virtual Keyboard
20.2. Gesture Recognition with CellWriter
20.3. Annotating a PDF with Xournal
20.4. Editing Texts with Dasher
21.1. Simplified Layer Model for TCP/IP
21.2. TCP/IP Ethernet Packet
21.3. Configuring Network Settings
21.4. Modem Configuration
21.5. ISDN Configuration
21.6. ISDN Interface Configuration
21.7. DSL Configuration
23.1. YaST: NTP Server
23.2. Advanced NTP Configuration: Security Settings
24.1. DNS Server Installation: Forwarder Settings
24.2. DNS Server Installation: DNS Zones
24.3. DNS Server Installation: Finish Wizard
24.4. DNS Server: Logging
24.5. DNS Server: Zone Editor (Basics)
24.6. DNS Server: Zone Editor (NS Records)
24.7. DNS Server: Zone Editor (MX Records)
24.8. DNS Server: Zone Editor (SOA)
25.1. DHCP Server: Card Selection
25.2. DHCP Server: Global Settings
25.3. DHCP Server: Dynamic DHCP
25.4. DHCP Server: Start-Up
25.5. DHCP Server: Host Management
25.6. DHCP Server: Chroot Jail and Declarations
25.7. DHCP Server: Selecting a Declaration Type
25.8. DHCP Server: Configuring Subnets
25.9. DHCP Server: TSIG Configuration
25.10. DHCP Server: Interface Configuration for Dynamic DNS
25.11. DHCP Server: Network Interface and Firewall
26.1. GNOME Network Connections Dialog
26.2. KDE Network Configuration Dialog
26.3. KNetworkManager—Configured and Available Connections
27.1. Determining Windows Domain Membership
28.1. NFS Server Configuration Tool
28.2. Exporting Directories with NFSv2 and v3
30.1. HTTP Server Wizard: Default Host
30.2. HTTP Server Wizard: Summary
30.3. HTTP Server Configuration: Listen Ports and Addresses
30.4. HTTP Server Configuration: Server Modules
31.1. FTP Server Configuration — Start-Up
33.1. Package Selection for Web-Based Enterprise Management Pattern
33.2. Package selection of additional CIM providers
35.1. Checking Media
35.2. Displaying Hardware Information
35.3. US Keyboard Layout
35.4. Automatic Repair Mode

List of Tables

6.1. The Most Important RPM Query Options
6.2. RPM Verify Options
7.1. Bash Configuration Files for Login Shells
7.2. Bash Configuration Files for Non-Login Shells
7.3. Special Files for Bash
7.4. Overview of a Standard Directory Tree
7.5. Useful Environment Variables
9.1. Available Runlevels
9.2. Possible init Script Options
10.1. Screen Resolution and Color Depth Reference
12.1. ulimit: Setting Resources for the User
15.1. Sections in /etc/X11/xorg.conf
15.2. Parameters of fc-list
16.1. Available FUSE Plug-ins
17.1. Use Cases for NetworkManager
18.1. Overview of Various WLAN Standards
21.1. Several Protocols in the TCP/IP Protocol Family
21.2. Specific Addresses
21.3. Private IP Address Domains
21.4. Various IPv6 Prefixes
21.5. Manual Network Configuration Scripts
21.6. Parameters for /etc/host.conf
21.7. Databases Available via /etc/nsswitch.conf
21.8. Configuration Options for NSS “Databases”
21.9. Some Start-Up Scripts for Network Programs
29.1. Features of the File Synchronization Tools: -- = very poor, - = poor or not available, o = medium, + = good, ++ = excellent, x = available
33.1. Commands for Managing sfcbd
34.1. Man Pages—Categories and Descriptions
35.1. Log Files
35.2. System Information With the /proc File System
35.3. System Information With the /sys File System

List of Examples

4.1. Example time line configuration
6.1. Zypper—List of Known Repositories
6.2. rpm -q -i wget
6.3. Script to Search for Packages
7.1. A Shell Script Printing a Text
9.1. A Minimal INIT INFO Block
12.1. Entry in /etc/crontab
12.2. /etc/crontab: Remove Time Stamp Files
12.3. Example for /etc/logrotate.conf
12.4. ulimit: Settings in ~/.bashrc
13.1. /etc/modprobe.conf: Interrupt Mode for the First Parallel Port
13.2. Error Message from lpd
13.3. Broadcast from the CUPS Network Server
14.1. Example udev Rules
15.1. Screen Section of the File /etc/X11/xorg.conf
21.1. Writing IP Addresses
21.2. Linking IP Addresses to the Netmask
21.3. Sample IPv6 Address
21.4. IPv6 Address Specifying the Prefix Length
21.5. /etc/resolv.conf
21.6. /etc/hosts
21.7. /etc/networks
21.8. /etc/host.conf
21.9. /etc/nsswitch.conf
21.10. Output of the Command ping
21.11. Output of the ifconfig Command
21.12. Output of the route -n Command
24.1. Forwarding Options in named.conf
24.2. A Basic /etc/named.conf
24.3. Entry to Disable Logging
24.4. Zone Entry for example.com
24.5. Zone Entry for example.net
24.6. The /var/lib/named/example.com.zone File
24.7. Reverse Lookup
25.1. The Configuration File /etc/dhcpd.conf
25.2. Additions to the Configuration File
27.1. A CD-ROM Share (deactivated)
27.2. [homes] Share
27.3. Global Section in smb.conf
30.1. Variations of Name-Based VirtualHost Entries
30.2. Name-Based VirtualHost Directives
30.3. IP-Based VirtualHost Directives
30.4. Basic VirtualHost Configuration
30.5. VirtualHost CGI Configuration
32.1. Firewall Configuration: Option 15
32.2. Access Rules
32.3. Access Rules
35.1. Output of the Mount Command
35.2. chroot to the Mounted File System
35.3. Installing the IPL Record with zipl
35.4. Unmounting the File System
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Administration Guide 11 SP3

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Documentation ▶