About This Guide
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop is used for a broad range of usage scenarios in enterprise and scientific data centers. SUSE has ensured SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop is set up in a way that it accommodates different operation purposes with optimal performance. However, SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop must meet very different demands when employed on a number crunching server compared to a file server, for example.
It is not possible to ship a distribution that is optimized for all workloads. Different workloads vary substantially in some aspects. Most important among those are I/O access patterns, memory access patterns, and process scheduling. A behavior that perfectly suits a certain workload might reduce performance of another workload. For example, I/O-intensive tasks, such as handling database requests, usually have completely different requirements than CPU-intensive tasks, such as video encoding. The versatility of Linux makes it possible to configure your system in a way that it brings out the best in each usage scenario.
This manual introduces you to means to monitor and analyze your system. It describes methods to manage system resources and to tune your system. This guide does not offer recipes for special scenarios, because each server has got its own different demands. It rather enables you to thoroughly analyze your servers and make the most out of them.
- General Notes on System Tuning
Tuning a system requires a carefully planned proceeding. Learn which steps are necessary to successfully improve your system.
- Part II, “System Monitoring”
Linux offers a large variety of tools to monitor almost every aspect of the system. Learn how to use these utilities and how to read and analyze the system log files.
- Part III, “Kernel Monitoring”
The Linux kernel itself offers means to examine every nut, bolt and screw of the system. This part introduces you to SystemTap, a scripting language for writing kernel modules that can be used to analyze and filter data. Collect debugging information and find bottlenecks by using kernel probes. Last, monitor applications with Oprofile.
- Part IV, “Resource Management”
Learn how to set up a tailor-made system fitting exactly the server's need. Get to know how to use power management while at the same time keeping the performance of a system at a level that matches the current requirements.
- Part V, “Kernel Tuning”
The Linux kernel can be optimized either by using sysctl or via the
/procfile system. This part covers tuning the I/O performance and optimizing the way how Linux schedules processes. It also describes basic principles of memory management and shows how memory management could be fine-tuned to suit needs of specific applications and usage patterns. Furthermore, it describes how to optimize network performance.- Part VI, “Handling System Dumps”
This part enables you to analyze and handle application or system crashes. It introduces tracing tools such as strace or ltrace and describes how to handle system crashes using Kexec and Kdump.
Tip: Getting the SUSE Linux Enterprise SDK
The SDK is a module for SUSE Linux Enterprise and is available via an online channel from
the SUSE Customer Center. Alternatively, go to http://download.suse.com/, search for SUSE Linux Enterprise
Software Development Kit and download it from there.
Refer to Chapter 9, Installing Modules, Extensions, and Third Party Add-On Products for details.
Many chapters in this manual contain links to additional documentation resources. This includes additional documentation that is available on the system and documentation available on the Internet.
For an overview of the documentation available for your product and the latest documentation updates, refer to http://www.suse.com/doc or to the following section:
1 可用文件 #
我們提供不同語言的 HTML 和 PDF 版本的書籍。下列使用者和管理員手冊適用於本產品：
- 安裝快速入門
列出系統要求，並提供透過 DVD 或 ISO 影像安裝 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 的分步指南。
- Deployment Guide
顯示如何安裝單個或多個系統，以及如何利用產品內在功能部署基礎結構。從本地安裝或使用網路安裝伺服器，到使用遠端控制、高度自訂及自動安裝技術進行大量部署，有各式各樣的做法供您選擇。
- 管理指南
描述系統管理任務，如維護、監控及自訂初始安裝的系統。
- Security Guide
介紹系統安全性的基本概念，涵蓋了本地安全性與網路安全性方面。說明如何使用產品固有的安全軟體 (例如 AppArmor)，或者能夠可靠收集關於任何安全相關事件之資訊的稽核系統。
- System Analysis and Tuning Guide
用於偵測、解決及最佳化問題的管理員指南。其中描述了如何透過監控工具檢查並最佳化系統，以及如何有效管理資源。該指南還概述了常見問題與解決方案，以及其他說明與文件資源。
- GNOME 使用者指南
介紹 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 的 GNOME 桌面。本指南將引導您使用與設定桌面，並協助您執行主要任務。主要適用對象為希望將 GNOME 做為預設桌面有效利用的終端使用者。
大多數產品手冊的 HTML 版本都可以在您的安裝系統中的 /usr/share/doc/manual 下面找到。http://www.suse.com/documentation/ 中提供了最新的文件更新，您可以在此處下載多種格式的產品文件。
2 意見反應 #
以下為可供使用的數種意見回應管道：
- 錯誤與增強功能要求
有關適用於產品的服務與支援選項，請參閱 http://www.suse.com/support/。
若要報告產品元件的錯誤，請造訪 https://scc.suse.com/support/requests 並登入，然後按一下。
- 使用者意見
我們希望得到您對本手冊以及本產品隨附之其他文件的意見和建議。請使用線上文件每頁底部的「使用者備註」功能，或造訪 http://www.suse.com/documentation/feedback.html 在其中輸入您的意見。
- 郵件
如需本產品文件的回饋，您還可以傳送郵件至
doc-team@suse.com。請務必包含文件標題、產品版本以及文件發行日期。若要報告錯誤或對增強功能提出建議，請提供問題的簡短描述，並指出對應的章節編號及頁碼 (或 URL)。
3 文件慣例 #
本文件中使用以下注意事項與排版慣例︰
/etc/passwd：目錄名稱與檔案名稱保留字元：以實際的值來取代保留字元
PATH：環境變數 PATHls、--help：指令、選項和參數user：使用者或群組套件名稱 ︰套件的名稱
Alt、Alt–F1：供人按下的按鍵或案件組合；顯示的按鍵與鍵盤上一樣為大寫
、 › ：功能表項目、按鈕
Dancing Penguins (「Penguins」一章，↑另一本手冊)：這是對另一本手冊中某一章的參考。
必須具有
根權限才能執行的指令。通常，您也可以在這些指令前面加上sudo指令，以執行該指令。root #command沒有權限的使用者也可以執行的指令。
tux >command注意事項
Warning: 警告
繼續操作之前必須瞭解的重要資訊。提醒您注意安全問題、可能的資料遺失、硬體損毀或者實際危險。
Important: 重要說明
繼續操作之前應該瞭解的重要資訊。
Note: 備註
其他資訊，例如各軟體版本之間的區別。
Tip: 提示
有用的資訊，例如一條準則或實用的建議。