About This Guide
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop is used for a broad range of usage scenarios in enterprise and scientific data centers. SUSE has ensured SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop is set up in a way that it accommodates different operation purposes with optimal performance. However, SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop must meet very different demands when employed on a number crunching server compared to a file server, for example.
It is not possible to ship a distribution that is optimized for all workloads. Different workloads vary substantially in some aspects. Most important among those are I/O access patterns, memory access patterns, and process scheduling. A behavior that perfectly suits a certain workload might reduce performance of another workload. For example, I/O-intensive tasks, such as handling database requests, usually have completely different requirements than CPU-intensive tasks, such as video encoding. The versatility of Linux makes it possible to configure your system in a way that it brings out the best in each usage scenario.
This manual introduces you to means to monitor and analyze your system. It describes methods to manage system resources and to tune your system. This guide does not offer recipes for special scenarios, because each server has got its own different demands. It rather enables you to thoroughly analyze your servers and make the most out of them.
- General Notes on System Tuning
Tuning a system requires a carefully planned proceeding. Learn which steps are necessary to successfully improve your system.
- Part II, “System Monitoring”
Linux offers a large variety of tools to monitor almost every aspect of the system. Learn how to use these utilities and how to read and analyze the system log files.
- Part III, “Kernel Monitoring”
The Linux kernel itself offers means to examine every nut, bolt and screw of the system. This part introduces you to SystemTap, a scripting language for writing kernel modules that can be used to analyze and filter data. Collect debugging information and find bottlenecks by using kernel probes. Last, monitor applications with Oprofile.
- Part IV, “Resource Management”
Learn how to set up a tailor-made system fitting exactly the server's need. Get to know how to use power management while at the same time keeping the performance of a system at a level that matches the current requirements.
- Part V, “Kernel Tuning”
The Linux kernel can be optimized either by using sysctl or via the
/procfile system. This part covers tuning the I/O performance and optimizing the way how Linux schedules processes. It also describes basic principles of memory management and shows how memory management could be fine-tuned to suit needs of specific applications and usage patterns. Furthermore, it describes how to optimize network performance.- Part VI, “Handling System Dumps”
This part enables you to analyze and handle application or system crashes. It introduces tracing tools such as strace or ltrace and describes how to handle system crashes using Kexec and Kdump.
Tip: Getting the SUSE Linux Enterprise SDK
The SDK is a module for SUSE Linux Enterprise and is available via an online channel from
the SUSE Customer Center. Alternatively, go to http://download.suse.com/, search for SUSE Linux Enterprise
Software Development Kit and download it from there.
Refer to Chapter 9, Installing Modules, Extensions, and Third Party Add-On Products for details.
Many chapters in this manual contain links to additional documentation resources. This includes additional documentation that is available on the system and documentation available on the Internet.
For an overview of the documentation available for your product and the latest documentation updates, refer to http://www.suse.com/doc or to the following section:
1 可用文档 #
我们以不同的语言提供了这些手册的 HTML 和 PDF 版本。为用户和管理员提供了以下本产品的相关手册：
- 安装快速入门
列出系统要求，并指导您从 DVD 或 ISO 映像逐步安装 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop。
- Deployment Guide
显示如何安装单个或多个系统，以及如何利用产品继承功能建立部署基础结构。有各种方法可供选择，可以选择使用本地安装或网络安装服务器，也可以选择使用远程控制、高度自定义的自动安装技术进行大规模部署。
- 管理指南
讲述系统管理任务，如维护、监视和自定义初始安装的系统。
- Security Guide
介绍系统安全的基本概念，包括本地安全方面和网络安全方面。说明如何使用产品固有的安全软件（例如 AppArmor），或者能够可靠收集有关任何安全相关事件的信息的审核系统。
- System Analysis and Tuning Guide
关于问题检测、解决和优化的管理员指南。了解如何使用监视工具检查和优化系统以及如何有效管理资源。还包含常见问题和解决方法的概述以及其他帮助和文档资源。
- GNOME 用户指南
介绍 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 的 GNOME 桌面。指导您使用和配置桌面并帮助您执行关键任务。它主要面向想要有效使用 GNOME 作为其默认桌面的最终用户。
在已安装系统的 /usr/share/doc/manual 下可以找到大多数产品手册的 HTML 版本。如需最新文档更新，请访问 http://www.suse.com/documentation/，在此处可下载各种格式的产品文档。
2 反馈 #
提供了多种反馈渠道：
- Bug 和增强请求
有关产品可用的服务和支持选项，请参见 http://www.suse.com/support/。
要报告产品组件的 Bug，请访问 https://scc.suse.com/support/requests 并登录，然后单击。
- 用户意见
我们希望收到您对本手册和本产品中包含的其他文档的意见和建议。请使用联机文档每页底部的“用户注释”功能或转到 http://www.suse.com/documentation/feedback.html 并在此处输入注释。
- 邮件
如有对本产品文档的反馈，也可以发送邮件至
doc-team@suse.com。请确保反馈中含有文档标题、产品版本和文档发布日期。要报告错误或给出增强建议，请提供问题的简要说明并指出相应章节编号和页码（或 URL）。
3 文档约定 #
本文档中使用了以下通知和排版约定：
/etc/passwd：目录名称和文件名PLACEHOLDER：PLACEHOLDER 将会替换为实际的值
PATH：环境变量 PATHls、--help：命令、选项和参数user：用户和组package name ：包名称
Alt、Alt–F1：按键或组合键；这些键以大写形式显示，如在键盘上一样
、 › ：菜单项，按钮
跳舞的企鹅（企鹅一章，↑其他手册）：此内容参考自其他手册中的一章。
必须使用
root特权运行的命令。您往往还可以在这些命令前加上sudo命令来运行它们。root #command可以由非特权用户运行的命令。
tux >command注意
Warning: 警告通知
在继续操作之前，您必须了解的不可或缺的信息。向您指出有关安全问题、潜在数据丢失、硬件损害或物理危害的警告。
Important: 重要通知
在继续操作之前，您必须了解的重要信息。
Note: 注意通知
额外信息，例如有关软件版本差异的信息。
Tip: 提示通知
有用信息，例如指导方针或实用性建议。