Dokumentace systému SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop › Administration Guide
ContentsContents
Administration Guide
  1. About This Guide
  2. I Common Tasks
    1. 1 Bash and Bash Scripts
    2. 2 sudo
    3. 3 YaST Online Update
    4. 4 YaST in Text Mode
    5. 5 Managing Software with Command Line Tools
    6. 6 System Recovery and Snapshot Management with Snapper
    7. 7 Remote Access with VNC
    8. 8 File Synchronization
    9. 9 GNOME Configuration for Administrators
  3. II System
    1. 10 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment
    2. 11 Booting a Linux System
    3. 12 The Boot Loader GRUB 2
    4. 13 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
    5. 14 The systemd Daemon
    6. 15 journalctl: Query the systemd Journal
    7. 16 Basic Networking
    8. 17 Printer Operation
    9. 18 The X Window System
    10. 19 Accessing File Systems with FUSE
    11. 20 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
    12. 21 Live Patching the Linux Kernel Using kGraft
    13. 22 Special System Features
  4. III Services
    1. 23 Time Synchronization with NTP
    2. 24 Sharing File Systems with NFS
    3. 25 Samba
    4. 26 On-Demand Mounting with Autofs
  5. IV Mobile Computers
    1. 27 Mobile Computing with Linux
    2. 28 Using NetworkManager
    3. 29 Power Management
  6. V Troubleshooting
    1. 30 Help and Documentation
    2. 31 Gathering System Information for Support
    3. 32 Common Problems and Their Solutions
  7. A Documentation Updates
  8. B An Example Network
  9. C GNU Licenses
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Dokumentace systému SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop › Administration Guide
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SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP2

Administration Guide

Covers system administration tasks like maintaining, monitoring and customizing an initially installed system.

Publication Date: October 19, 2016
About This Guide
Available Documentation
Feedback
Documentation Conventions
About the Making of This Documentation
I Common Tasks
1 Bash and Bash Scripts
1.1 What is “The Shell”?
1.2 Writing Shell Scripts
1.3 Redirecting Command Events
1.4 Using Aliases
1.5 Using Variables in Bash
1.6 Grouping and Combining Commands
1.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs
1.8 For More Information
2 sudo
2.1 Basic sudo Usage
2.2 Configuring sudo
2.3 Common Use Cases
2.4 More Information
3 YaST Online Update
3.1 The Online Update Dialog
3.2 Installing Patches
3.3 Automatic Online Update
4 YaST in Text Mode
4.1 Navigation in Modules
4.2 Restriction of Key Combinations
4.3 YaST Command Line Options
5 Managing Software with Command Line Tools
5.1 Using Zypper
5.2 RPM—the Package Manager
6 System Recovery and Snapshot Management with Snapper
6.1 Default Setup
6.2 Using Snapper to Undo Changes
6.3 System Rollback by Booting from Snapshots
6.4 Creating and Modifying Snapper Configurations
6.5 Manually Creating and Managing Snapshots
6.6 Automatic Snapshot Clean-Up
6.7 Frequently Asked Questions
7 Remote Access with VNC
7.1 The vncviewer Client
7.2 One-time VNC Sessions
7.3 Persistent VNC Sessions
8 File Synchronization
8.1 Available Data Synchronization Software
8.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program
8.3 Introduction to CVS
8.4 Introduction to rsync
8.5 For More Information
9 GNOME Configuration for Administrators
9.1 Starting Applications Automatically
9.2 Automounting and Managing Media Devices
9.3 Changing Preferred Applications
9.4 Adding Document Templates
9.5 For More Information
II System
10 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment
10.1 Runtime Support
10.2 Software Development
10.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms
10.4 Kernel Specifications
11 Booting a Linux System
11.1 The Linux Boot Process
11.2 initramfs
11.3 Init on initramfs
12 The Boot Loader GRUB 2
12.1 Main Differences between GRUB Legacy and GRUB 2
12.2 Configuration File Structure
12.3 Configuring the Boot Loader with YaST
12.4 Differences in Terminal Usage on z Systems
12.5 Helpful GRUB 2 Commands
12.6 More Information
13 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
13.1 Secure Boot
13.2 For More Information
14 The systemd Daemon
14.1 The systemd Concept
14.2 Basic Usage
14.3 System Start and Target Management
14.4 Managing Services with YaST
14.5 Customization of systemd
14.6 Advanced Usage
14.7 More Information
15 journalctl: Query the systemd Journal
15.1 Making the Journal Persistent
15.2 journalctl Useful Switches
15.3 Filtering the Journal Output
15.4 Investigating systemd Errors
15.5 Journald Configuration
15.6 Using YaST to Filter the systemd Journal
16 Basic Networking
16.1 IP Addresses and Routing
16.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet
16.3 Name Resolution
16.4 Configuring a Network Connection with YaST
16.5 NetworkManager
16.6 Configuring a Network Connection Manually
16.7 Setting Up Bonding Devices
16.8 Setting Up Team Devices for Network Teaming
17 Printer Operation
17.1 The CUPS Workflow
17.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers
17.3 Installing the Software
17.4 Network Printers
17.5 Configuring CUPS with Command Line Tools
17.6 Printing from the Command Line
17.7 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop
17.8 Troubleshooting
18 The X Window System
18.1 Installing and Configuring Fonts
18.2 For More Information
19 Accessing File Systems with FUSE
19.1 Configuring FUSE
19.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition
19.3 For More Information
20 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
20.1 The /dev Directory
20.2 Kernel uevents and udev
20.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices
20.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup
20.5 Monitoring the Running udev Daemon
20.6 Influencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules
20.7 Persistent Device Naming
20.8 Files used by udev
20.9 For More Information
21 Live Patching the Linux Kernel Using kGraft
21.1 Advantages of kGraft
21.2 Low-level Function of kGraft
21.3 Installing kGraft Patches
21.4 Removing a kGraft Patch
21.5 Stuck Kernel Execution Threads
21.6 The kgr Tool
21.7 Scope of kGraft Technology
21.8 Scope of SLE Live Patching
21.9 Interaction with the Support Processes
22 Special System Features
22.1 Information about Special Software Packages
22.2 Virtual Consoles
22.3 Keyboard Mapping
22.4 Language and Country-Specific Settings
III Services
23 Time Synchronization with NTP
23.1 Configuring an NTP Client with YaST
23.2 Manually Configuring NTP in the Network
23.3 Dynamic Time Synchronization at Runtime
23.4 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock
23.5 Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR)
24 Sharing File Systems with NFS
24.1 Terminology
24.2 Installing NFS Server
24.3 Configuring Clients
24.4 For More Information
25 Samba
25.1 Terminology
25.2 Installing a Samba Server
25.3 Configuring a Samba Server
25.4 Configuring Clients
25.5 Samba as Login Server
25.6 Advanced Topics
25.7 For More Information
26 On-Demand Mounting with Autofs
26.1 Installation
26.2 Configuration
26.3 Operation and Debugging
26.4 Auto-Mounting an NFS Share
26.5 Advanced Topics
IV Mobile Computers
27 Mobile Computing with Linux
27.1 Laptops
27.2 Mobile Hardware
27.3 Cellular Phones and PDAs
27.4 For More Information
28 Using NetworkManager
28.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager
28.2 Enabling or Disabling NetworkManager
28.3 Configuring Network Connections
28.4 NetworkManager and Security
28.5 Frequently Asked Questions
28.6 Troubleshooting
28.7 For More Information
29 Power Management
29.1 Power Saving Functions
29.2 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
29.3 Rest for the Hard Disk
29.4 Troubleshooting
29.5 For More Information
V Troubleshooting
30 Help and Documentation
30.1 Documentation Directory
30.2 Man Pages
30.3 Info Pages
30.4 Online Resources
31 Gathering System Information for Support
31.1 Displaying Current System Information
31.2 Collecting System Information with Supportconfig
31.3 Submitting Information to Global Technical Support
31.4 Analyzing System Information
31.5 Gathering Information During the Installation
31.6 Support of Kernel Modules
31.7 For More Information
32 Common Problems and Their Solutions
32.1 Finding and Gathering Information
32.2 Installation Problems
32.3 Boot Problems
32.4 Login Problems
32.5 Network Problems
32.6 Data Problems
A Documentation Updates
A.1 October 2016 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP2)
A.2 March 2016 (Maintenance Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1)
A.3 December 2015 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1)
A.4 February 2015 (Documentation Maintenance Update)
A.5 October 2014 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12)
B An Example Network
C GNU Licenses
C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
List of Figures
3.1 YaST Online Update
4.1 Main Window of YaST in Text Mode
4.2 The Software Installation Module
6.1 Boot Loader: Snapshots
7.1 vncviewer
12.1 GRUB 2 Boot Editor
12.2 Boot Code Options
12.3 Boot loader Options
12.4 Kernel Parameters
12.5 Code Options
13.1 Secure Boot Support
13.2 UEFI: Secure Boot Process
14.1 Services Manager
15.1 YaST systemd Journal
16.1 Simplified Layer Model for TCP/IP
16.2 TCP/IP Ethernet Packet
16.3 Configuring Network Settings
16.4 wicked architecture
23.1 YaST: NTP Server
23.2 Advanced NTP Configuration: Security Settings
25.1 Windows Explorer Advanced Attributes Dialog
25.2 Windows Explorer Directory Listing with Compressed Files
25.3 Adding a New Samba Share with Snapshotting Enabled
25.4 The Previous Versions tab in Windows Explorer
27.1 Integrating a Mobile Computer in an Existing Environment
28.1 GNOME Network Connections Dialog
31.1 HTML Report Generated by SCA Tool
31.2 HTML Report Generated by SCA Appliance
32.1 Checking Media
32.2 US Keyboard Layout
List of Tables
1.1 Bash Configuration Files for Login Shells
1.2 Bash Configuration Files for Non-Login Shells
1.3 Special Files for Bash
1.4 Overview of a Standard Directory Tree
1.5 Useful Environment Variables
2.1 Useful Flags and Options
5.1 The Most Important RPM Query Options
5.2 RPM Verify Options
8.1 Features of the File Synchronization Tools: -- = very poor, - = poor or not available, o = medium, + = good, ++ = excellent, x = available
14.1 Service Management Commands
14.2 Commands for Enabling and Disabling Services
14.3 System V Runlevels and systemd Target Units
16.1 Private IP Address Domains
16.2 Parameters for /etc/host.conf
16.3 Databases Available via /etc/nsswitch.conf
16.4 Configuration Options for NSS “Databases”
18.1 Generating PFL from Fontconfig rules
18.2 Results from Generating PFL from Fontconfig Rules with Changed Order
18.3 Results from Generating PFL from Fontconfig Rules
22.1 ulimit: Setting Resources for the User
27.1 Use Cases for NetworkManager
27.2 Overview of Various Wi-Fi Standards
30.1 Man Pages—Categories and Descriptions
32.1 Log Files
32.2 System Information With the /proc File System
32.3 System Information With the /sys File System
List of Examples
1.1 A Shell Script Printing a Text
5.1 Zypper—List of Known Repositories
5.2 rpm -q -i wget
5.3 Script to Search for Packages
6.1 Keep the Last 10 Important and Regular Snapshots Regardless of Age
6.2 Only Keep Snapshots Younger Than Ten Days
6.3 Example timeline configuration
12.1 Usage of grub2-mkconfig
12.2 Usage of grub2-mkrescue
12.3 Usage of grub2-script-check
12.4 Usage of grub2-once
14.1 List Active Services
14.2 List Failed Services
14.3 List all Processes Belonging to a Service
16.1 Writing IP Addresses
16.2 Linking IP Addresses to the Netmask
16.3 Sample IPv6 Address
16.4 IPv6 Address Specifying the Prefix Length
16.5 Common Network Interfaces and Some Static Routes
16.6 /etc/resolv.conf
16.7 /etc/hosts
16.8 /etc/networks
16.9 /etc/host.conf
16.10 /etc/nsswitch.conf
16.11 Output of the Command ping
16.12 Configuration for Loadbalancing with Network Teaming
16.13 Configuration for DHCP Network Teaming Device
17.1 Error Message from lpd
17.2 Broadcast from the CUPS Network Server
18.1 Specifying Rendering Algorithms
18.2 Aliases and Family Name Substitutions
18.3 Aliases and Family Name Substitutions
18.4 Aliases and Family Names Substitutions
20.1 Example udev Rules
22.1 Entry in /etc/crontab
22.2 /etc/crontab: Remove Time Stamp Files
22.3 Example for /etc/logrotate.conf
22.4 ulimit: Settings in ~/.bashrc
25.1 Global Section in smb.conf
25.2 Using rpcclient to Request a Windows Server 2012 Share Snapshot
31.1 Output of hostinfo When Logging In as root

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