The command ps produces a list of processes. If the parameter r is added, only processes currently using computing time are shown:

$ ps r
  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
22163 pts/7    R      0:01 -zsh
 3396 pts/3    R      0:03 emacs new-makedoc.txt
20027 pts/7    R      0:25 emacs xml/common/utilities.xml
20974 pts/7    R      0:01 emacs jj.xml
27454 pts/7    R      0:00 ps r

This parameter must be written without a minus sign. The various parameters are written sometimes with and sometimes without the minus sign. The man page could easily frighten off potential users, but fortunately the ps --help command produces a brief page of help.

To check how many emacs processes are running, use:

$ ps x | grep emacs
 1288 ?        S      0:07 emacs
 3396 pts/3    S      0:04 emacs new-makedoc.txt
 3475 ?        S      0:03 emacs .Xresources
20027 pts/7    S      0:40 emacs xml/common/utilities.xml
20974 pts/7    S      0:02 emacs jj.xml

$ pidof emacs
20974 20027 3475 3396 1288

The parameter -p selects processes via the process ID:

$ ps www -p $(pidof xterm)
  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
 9025 ?        S      0:01 xterm -g 100x45+0+200
 9176 ?        S      0:00 xterm -g 100x45+0+200
29854 ?        S      0:21 xterm -g 100x75+20+0 -fn \
  -B&H-LucidaTypewriter-Medium-R-Normal-Sans-12-120-75-75-M-70-iso10646-1
 4378 ?        S      0:01 xterm -bg MistyRose1 -T root -n root -e su -l
25543 ?        S      0:02 xterm -g 100x45+0+200
22161 ?        R      0:14 xterm -g 100x45+0+200
16832 ?        S      0:01 xterm -bg MistyRose1 -T root -n root -e su -l
16912 ?        S      0:00 xterm -g 100x45+0+200
17861 ?        S      0:00 xterm -bg DarkSeaGreen1 -g 120x45+40+300
19930 ?        S      0:13 xterm -bg LightCyan
21686 ?        S      0:04 xterm -g 100x45+0+200 -fn \
lucidasanstypewriter-12
23104 ?        S      0:00 xterm -g 100x45+0+200
26547 ?        S      0:00 xterm -g 100x45+0+200

The process list can be formatted according to your needs. The option -L returns a list of all keywords. Enter the following command to issue a list of all processes sorted by memory usage:

$ ps ax --format pid,rss,cmd --sort rss
  PID  RSS CMD
    2    0 [ksoftirqd/0]
    3    0 [events/0]
   17    0 [kblockd/0]
[...]
10164 5260 xterm
31110 5300 xterm
17010 5356 xterm
 3896 29292 /usr/X11R6/bin/X -nolisten tcp -br vt7 -auth /var/lib/xdm/authdir/au