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index.html  |  
news.html  |  
download.html  |  
features.html  |  
goals.html  |   
| |  
id.htmlid  |  
comparison.html  |  
developers.html  |  
documentation.html  |  
links.html  |  
authors.html  | |  
../format.htmlenglish  |  
 | 
FLAC: 
     FLAC.
 
-,   ,   ,       ,       ,      .    :
http://www-svr.eng.cam.ac.uk/reports/abstracts/robinson_tr156.html.     Shorten.         ,   FLAC. FLAC    ,   Shorten. http://commsci.usc.edu/faculty/golomb.html.    .      ..   . .           LPC    .,  , http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/shannon.html. . 
-- 
 
,   ,        .              . FLAC    .   ,         ,     . FLAC   ,         .
      . ,    ,        .. FLAC    - ,          CD- (.. 44.1, 2 , 16   ).          .
    ,  FLAC   :
format.html#blocking  .      ,     .        ,    ,      ..   ,   FLAC       ,     . format.html#interchannel .         ,             .          . format.html#prediction .        ( ).      .       ,         .  FLAC      (   format.html#prediction ),        . FLAC               . format.html#residualcoding .      ,       (    )     .   ,        ,   .  FLAC        (.  format.html#residualcoding ),        . FLAC                .
      ,       .
 ,   ""  "",      . ,   mp3      ,      S/PDIF       .    , ,   ""  "",     ,   ""  ""     FLAC.
 -     ,    . -        .  ,               .  -        . ,         44.1    44100     . -       . -           .         .
  
      .      ,       ,   ,       .     ,     ,      .   , FLAC      16 ,    65535 .         ,  FLAC.
      ,     .           .
          .      ,      .      ,  ,          ,    LPC .
 
              . FLAC         ,      .
.      ..          .   -       ,   -    (  )..     ..     .
,            ,   ,           ,      .
FLAC       :
.       .     ,    .  ,      .     ,         .         ,         ..   ,     , ..     .         .  . FLAC        (    http://svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk/~ajr/GroupPubs/Robinson94-tr156/index.htmlShorten   http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-144.pdfAudioPak ). FLAC        Shorten      .    ,        .     .  FIR.     (   ) FLAC    FIR  32  (. http://svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk/~ajr/GroupPubs/Robinson94-tr156/index.htmlShorten   http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-144.pdfAudioPak ).     -   LPC          .        Shorten      , FLAC        .   FLAC   ,        .
 
       FLAC    .         :
    ,       .       .               ,       .   ,          .    ,          ,     .
  FLAC      . -           .         http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/98/HPL-98-193.htmlLOCO-I   http://www.cs.tut.fi/~albert/Dev/pucrunch/packing.htmlpucrunch .
     .  FLAC      ,     .            .        ,   ,   .      ,          .       .
    FLAC  ,      (big-endian).   ,   ,    .
  FLAC     ID3v1 ( )  ID3v2 ( ).      ,     .
       .
 FLAC    "fLaC"   ,      STREAMINFO,     ,   .FLAC   128  .  : STREAMINFO:        ( ,  ,    ..).         .      ,     . APPLICATION:        .     32- ,    FLAC.          .   id   ,  id.html . PADDING:      .   PADDING   .     ,  ,        APPLICATION.         PADDING,         APPLICATION.      ,      ,         . SEEKTABLE:       .   FLAC       ,     ,        .          .    18 ,        1%   2.        SEEKTABLE,         .    ,   ,         . VORBIS_COMMENT:            (=).     UTF-8.   http://xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/doc/v-comment.html  Vorbis .          FLAC.        VORBIS_COMMENT. CUESHEET:         .     ,    Red Book CD  ,    ,      .       ,          .      .     ,    ,    ( ,  ,    ..)    .              (     )    (     ).       .     (    ) , , ,     .     ,    .        ,      .     14-  .            .         ,      ,      .       .        ,               ,        .       ,           STREAMINFO   .    ,    ,    ..        ,     .     , FLAC          . , ,    ,  4 .         (8/16/22.05/24/32/44.1/48/96 ).           ,  ,       .             .            . (    )         .     ,       .      ,    (   ,     ..).       .  FLAC     (Subset format).          ,   ,      ,          .  ,    ,     . flac    ,    .  --lax    .     ,      :    
        
 ,    ,     0001-0101  1000-1110.         (  ),     STREAMINFO           .        
          0001-1011.	
            001-111.    
      FLAC.       ,   .
    
    
<32>     
"fLaC",   FLAC   ASCII, ,       0x66, 0x4C, 0x61, 0x43     
format.html#metadata_block_streaminfo_     
   STREAMINFO,        
format.html#metadata_block_ *   	
    	
format.html#frame + 	
   
	
_ 	
format.html#metadata_block_header__ 	
,      	
format.html#metadata_block_data__ 	
 
	
__ 	
<1>   1,        , 0   	
<7> 	
 :
	
		
0 : STREAMINFO		
1 : PADDING		
2 : APPLICATION		
3 : SEEKTABLE		
4 : VORBIS_COMMENT		
5 : CUESHEET		
6-127 : 	
	
	
<24> 	
      (   __) 
	
__ 	
format.html#metadata_block_streaminfo__STREAMINFO  || format.html#metadata_block_padding__PADDING  || format.html#metadata_block_application__APPLICATION  || format.html#metadata_block_seektable__SEEKTABLE  || #metadata_block_vorbis_comment__VORBIS_COMMENT  || #metadata_block_cuesheetMETADATA_BLOCK_CUESHEET 	
     ,   
	
__STREAMINFO 	
<16> 	
       . 	
<16> 	
       . 	
<24> 	
       .    ,  0 	
<24> 	
       .    ,  0 	
<20> 	
   . 	
<3> 	
( ) - 1. FLAC   1  8 . 	
<5> 	
(   ) - 1. FLAC   1  32   .        24   . 	
<36> 	
   .    0,     . 	
<128> 	
 MD5  ,     ,        . 	
 	
:
	
		
 FLAC      16     - 65535.  ,    0  15     .	
	
	
__PADDING 	
<n> 	
n    0. n    8. 
	
__APPLICATION 	
<32> 	
 id  (.  id.html ) 	
<n> 	
 . n    8. 
	
__SEEKTABLE 	
format.html#metadata_block_seekpointSEEKPOINT + 	
    . 	
 	
:
	
		
         ""    / 18.	
	
	
__SEEKPOINT 	
<64> 	
         0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF   . 	
<64> 	
              . 	
<16> 	
    . 	
 	
:
	
		
         .		
          .		
,       ,      ,   .		
    ,       ,       .	
	
	
__VORBIS_COMMENT 	
<n> 	
    Vorbis,    http://www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/doc/v-comment.html .    ,   Vorbis     2 ^ 64 ,       FLAC      2 ^ 24 .     Vorbis 32- ,    ,    ,    ,     FLAC. 
__CUESHEET <128*8>    ,      ASCII   0x20-0x7e.          0  128 ,   ,  ,     0x00.      13 ,    115  . <64>   .        ,        0.        TRACK 00,   .         :                .     Red Book     ,          .          .      ,         .    ,          ,      INDEX 01  ,           INDEX 00. <1> 1,  CUESHEET   ,  0. <7+258*8> .      0. <8>  .        ,  100 (99     ). #cuesheet_trackCUESHEET_TRACK +    .   CUESHEET     @@@@.   Red Book        170. 
CUESHEET_TRACK <64>        FLAC.       . (     ,        INDEX 01,    INDEX 00.)       588 (588  = 44100 /. * 1/75 .). <8>  .   0 ,      ,       .       1  99  170   .   ,      1    .       . <12*8>     (ISRC)  .  12- ,    ; . http://www.ifpi.org/isrc/isrc_handbook.html   http://www.discusa.com/cdref/cdaudio/isrc.htm .   12   ASCII  ,     ISRC. <1>  : 0 -  , 1 -    .       Q- . <1>   : 0 --   ,  1.  5   Q- ; . http://www.chipchapin.com/CDMedia/cdda9.php3 . <6+13*8> .      0. <8>    .         ,  ,    .         100. #cuesheet_track_index___ +       . 
___ <64>        .       588 (588  = 44100 /. * 1/75 .).     ,      ,     . <8>   .       0  1,         1.       . <3*8> .      0. 
	
	
format.html#frame_header_ 	
 	
format.html#subframe + 	
   	
<?> 	
    	
format.html#frame_footer_ 	
 1
	
_ 	
<14> 	
  11111111111110 	
<2> 	
:
	
		
00 :  		
01-11 :    	
	
	
<4> 	
   :
	
		
0000 :     STREAMINFO		
0001 : 192 		
0010-0101 : 576 * (2^(2-n)) , .. 576/1152/2304/4608		
0110 :  8  ( -1)   		
0111 :  16  ( -1)   		
1000-1111 : 256 * (2^(n-8)) , .. 256/512/1024/2048/4096/8192/16384/32768	
	
	
<4> 	
 :
	
		
0000 :     STREAMINFO		
0001-0011 : 		
0100 : 8		
0101 : 16		
0110 : 22.05		
0111 : 24		
1000 : 32		
1001 : 44.1		
1010 : 48		
1011 : 96		
1100 :  8-    ( )   		
1101 :  16-    ( )   		
1110 :  16-    ( )   		
1111 :  ,       	
	
	
<4> 	
 :
	
		
0000-0111 : (  )-1.  == 0001,  0  , 1 - 		
1000 :  :  0  , 1 - 		
1001 :  :  0  , 1 - 		
1010 :  :  0  , 1 - 
		
1011-1111 : 	
	
	
<3> 	
   :
	
		
000 :     STREAMINFO		
001 : 8   		
010 : 12   		
011 : 		
100 : 16   		
101 : 20   		
110 : 24   		
111 : 	
	
	
<1> 	
    ,     	
<?> 	
 (  )		   
 :     UTF-8 (   36 )		
		   
 :     UTF-8 (   31 ) 	
<?> 	
 (    == 11x)		   8/16  
(  - 1) 	
<?> 	
 (    == 11xx)		     8/16 
	
<8> 	
8-    (x^8 + x^2 + x^1 + x^0)  ,    (x  ). 	
 	
:
	
		
   0000-0101           .  0110-0111     ,   ,      .   :     0110-0111           ,     ,     .	
	
	
_ 	
<16> 	
16-    (x^16 + x^15 + x^2 + x^0)   (x  ). 
	
	
format.html#subframe_header_ 	
 	
format.html#subframe_constant_CONSTANT  || format.html#subframe_fixed_FIXED  || format.html#subframe_lpc_LPC  || format.html#subframe_verbatim_VERBATIM 	
 ,   
	
_ 	
<1> 	
  0,    . 	
<6> 	
 :
	
		
000000 : format.html#subframe_constant_CONSTANT 		
000001 : format.html#subframe_verbatim_VERBATIM 		
00001x : 		
0001xx : 		
001xxx :  (xxx format.html#subframe_fixed_FIXED , xxx = ;  		
01xxxx : 		
1xxxxx : format.html#subframe_lpc_LPC , xxxxx = -1	
	
	
<1+k> 	
 '   ':
	
		
0 :     ' ', k=0		
1 : k ' '   ,     ; ..  k=3      001,  k=7 - 0000001.	
	
	
 	
:
	
		
' '    ,    n     m.  k = n - m     ' '. ,   16-       'xxxxxxxxxxxxx000',     13 ,  ,  3   ''.	
	
_CONSTANT
<n>
   , n       
	
_FIXED 	
<n> 	
   (n       ,    ). 	
format.html#residual 	
 
	
_LPC 	
<n> 	
   (n       ,    ). 	
<4> 	
(     (QLP)) - 1.  1111 . 	
<5> 	
       . (:   -    ). 	
<n> 	
   (n =  QLP *  LPC) (:       ). 	
format.html#residual 	
 
	
_VERBATIM 	
<n*i> 	
 , n       , i -  
	
	
<2> 	
  :
	
		
00 :  		
01-11 : 	
	
	
format.html#partitioned_rice___ 	
 	
 	
:	
		
 FLAC      	
	
	
___ 	
<4> 	
 	
format.html#rice_partition_ + 	
  2^ 
	
_ 	
<4(+5)> 	
 :
	
		
0000-1110 :  .		
1111 : , ,         n   . n  5- .
	
	
	
<?> 	
 .   n     :
	
		
    0, n     .		
      , n = (    / (2^ ))		
 n = (    / (2^ )) -  	
	
 Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005  Josh Coalson
