headfootpage.html#TOPNext   
docprocessing.html#TOPPrev   
toc.htmlBack to Table of Contents 	
THE DOCUMENT ELEMENT TAGS
	
#DOCELEMENT_INTROIntroduction to the document element tags 	
		
#DOCELEMENT_CONTROLControl macros -- changing defaults for document element tags 		
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros 	
	
#INDEX_DOCELEMENTIndex of document element tags 	
Introduction to the document element tags
Once you've completed the setup for a document (see
docprocessing.html#DOCPROCESSING_TUTSetting up a mom document ),
formatting it is a snap.  Simply invoke the appropriate tag for
each document element as you need it.  The tags are macros that
tell 
mom, "This is a paragraph, this
is a subhead, this is a footnote," and so on.
The list of tags is actually quite small -- ideal for the users
mom brought herself into being for (see
intro.html#INTRO_INTROWho mom is meant for ).
However, the list of macros that control the appearance of the
tags upon output is extensive.  Generally, for each tag,
there are
definitions.html#TERMS_CONTROLMACROcontrol macros for the tag's family, font and point size.  Where appropriate, there
are macros to control leading, indents, quad and special features
as well.
Mom has tasteful defaults for all the tags, hence you
only use the control macros when you want to change the way
she does things.  This is usually done prior to
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART ,
but can, in fact, be done at any time in the course of a document.
Any change to a tag's style affects all subsequent invocations of
the tag.
Control macros -- changing defaults
The control macros for document processing tags let you
"design" the look of all the parts of your documents --
should you wish.  At a bare minimum, all tags have macros to
change 
mom's defaults for family, font
and point size.  Where appropriate, there are macros to control 
leading, indents and quad as well.
In addition, many tags have special macros to control features that
are pertinent to those tags alone.  Have a look at the section dealing
with any particular tag to find out what macros control the tag,
and what 
mom's defaults for the tag are.
The control macros may be used at any time during the course of
a document (i.e. before or after
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART ).  The changes you
make alter all subsequent invocations of the affected tag until
you make another change, either by passing new arguments to the
tag's control macro, or toggling a particular feature of the tag on
or off.
And don't forget: the
typesetting.html#MACROS_TYPESETTINGtypesetting macros can be used at any time, including inside
definitions.html#TERMS_TOGGLEtoggle tags (affecting only that particular invocation of the tag).
Equally,
definitions.html#TERMS_INLINESinline escapes can be used in tags that take
definitions.html#TERMS_STRINGARGUMENTstring arguments. IMPORTANT NOTE: The family, font, point size and
leading control macros have no effect in
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ,
which sets EVERYTHING in Courier roman, 12/24 (i.e. 12-point type on
a linespace of 24 points).
Please also note that the defaults listed
with the control macros apply only to
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET unless a default for 
TYPEWRITE is also given.
A WORD OF ADVICE: Get familiar with
mom at her default settings before exploring the
control macros.  Put her through her paces.  She how she behaves.
Get to know what she feels like and how she looks, both in your text
editor and on the printed page.  Then, if you don't like something,
use this documentation to find the precise macro you need to change it.
There are tons of control macros.  Reading up on them and trying to
remember them all might lead you to think that 
momis complex and unwieldy, which is not only untrue, but would offend
her mightily.
Arguments to the control macros
Family and font
The arguments to the control macros that end in
_FAMILY or _FONT are the same
as for
typesetting.html#FAMILYFAMILY and
typesetting.html#FONTFT .
Point size
Control macros that end in 
_SIZE always take
the form 
+digit or -digit where digit is
the number of
definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTSpoints larger (+) or smaller (-) than the point size of paragraphs
you want the document element to be.  For example, to change
subheads to 1-1/2 points larger than the type in paragraphs, do
	.SUBHEAD_SIZE +1.5
There's no need for a
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure with the 
_SIZE control macros; points is assumed.
Lead/linespacing
Control macros that end in 
_AUTOLEAD take the
same argument as
typesetting.html#AUTOLEADAUTOLEAD ,
viz. a digit that represents the number of points to add to the
tag's point size to arrive at its
definitions.html#TERMS_LEADINGlead .
For example, to set footnotes
definitions.html#TERMS_SOLIDsolid , do
	.FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD 0
To set footnotes with a 1-point lead (i.e. with the line spacing
one point greater than the footnote's point size), do
	.FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD 1
Indents
Except for 
PARA_INDENT, the argument to the control
macros that end
in 
_INDENT is always a single digit (whole numbers
only; no decimal fractions) with no
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure appended to it.  The digit represents by how much you want the
size of the paragraph first-line indent multiplied to achieve the
correct indent for a particular tag.
Quad/justification style
Control macros that end in 
_QUAD take the same
arguments as
typesetting.html#QUADQUAD .
Document element tags list
	
#EPIGRAPH_INTROEpigraphs 	
		
#EPIGRAPHEPIGRAPH 		
#EPIGRAPH_CONTROLEpigrah control 	
	
#PP_INTROParagraphs 	
		
#PPPP 		
#PP_CONTROLParagraph control 	
	
#HEAD_INTROMain heads 	
		
#HEADHEAD 		
#HEAD_CONTROLHead control 	
	
#SUBHEAD_INTROSubheads 	
		
#SUBHEADSUBHEAD 		
#SUBHEAD_CONTROLSubhead control 	
	
#PARAHEAD_INTROParagraph heads 	
		
#PARAHEADPARAHEAD 		
#PARAHEAD_CONTROLParahead control 	
	
#LINEBREAK_INTROLinebreaks (author linebreaks) 	
		
#LINEBREAKLINEBREAK 		
#LINEBREAK_CHARLinebreak character 	
	
#QUOTE_INTROQuotes (line for line) 	
		
#QUOTEQUOTE 		
#QUOTE_CONTROLQuote control 	
	
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROBlockquotes (cited material) 	
		
#BLOCKQUOTEBLOCKQUOTE 		
#BLOCKQUOTE_CONTROLBlockquote control 	
	
#FOOTNOTE_INTROFootnotes 	
		
#FOOTNOTEFOOTNOTE 		
#FOOTNOTE_CONTROLFootnote control 	
	
#ENDNOTE_INTROEndnotes 	
		
#ENDNOTEENDNOTE 		
#ENDNOTE_CONTROLEndnote control 	
	
#FINIS_INTRODocument termination 	
		
#FINISFINIS 		
#FINIS_STRINGFinis control  -- changing the FINIS string
	
Epigraphs
	
#EPIGRAPHTag: EPIGRAPH 	
#EPIGRAPH_CONTROLEpigraph control macros definitions.html#TERMS_EPIGRAPHEpigraphs color, flavour, or comment on the document they precede.  Typically,
they are centered at the top of a document's first page (underneath the
title) and set in a smaller point size than that of paragraph text.
By default, 
mom sets epigraphs centered and
definitions.html#TERMS_NOFILLunfilled ;
this lets you input them on a line for line basis.  This behaviour
can be changed to accomodate
definitions.html#TERMS_FILLEDfilled epigraph "blocks."
	Macro: 
EPIGRAPH <toggle> | [ BLOCK ] EPIGRAPH is a toggle, used like this:
	.EPIGRAPH
	<text of epigraph>
	.EPIGRAPH OFF
OFF, above, could be anything -- say, Q or X --
since any argument other than 
BLOCK turns it off.
If given the argument 
BLOCK, EPIGRAPHsets epigraphs
definitions.html#TERMS_FILLEDfilled ,
justified or quadded in the same direction as paragraphs, indented
equally from both the left and right margins.
If a block-style epigraph runs to more than one paragraph (unlikely,
but conceivable), you 
MUST introduce every paragraph
-- 
INCLUDING THE FIRST!!! -- with the
#PPPP tag.
NOTE: EPIGRAPH should only be
used at the top of a document (i.e. just after
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART )
or after
#HEAD_INTROheads .  The latter is not especially
recommended, but it does work.  In all other places where you
want quotes or cited text, use
#QUOTEQUOTE or
#BLOCKQUOTEBLOCKQUOTE .
Epigraph control macros
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.EPIGRAPH_FAMILY    default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.EPIGRAPH_FONT      default = roman
.EPIGRAPH_SIZE      default = -1.5 (points)
.EPIGRAPH_AUTOLEAD  default = 2 points
(The next two apply to "block" style epigraphs only)
.EPIGRAPH_QUAD      default = same as paragraphs
.EPIGRAPH_INDENT*   default = para indent x 3 (for typeset), x 2 (for typewrite)
*Indent here refers to the indent from both the left and right margins
 that centres the block style epigraph on the page.
Paragraphs
	
#PPTag: PP 	
#PP_CONTROLParagraph control macros The paragraph macro is the one you use most often.  Consequently,
it's one of most powerful, yet simplest to use -- just the letters
PP.  No arguments, nothing.  Just .PPon a line by itself any time, in any document element, tells
mom you want to start a new paragraph.  The spacing
and indent appropriate to where you are in your document are taken
care of automatically.
By default, 
mom does not indent the first paragraph
of a document, nor paragraphs that fall imediately after
#HEAD_INTROheads or
#SUBHEAD_INTROsubheads .
The first paragraphs of blockquotes and block-style epigraphs are
also not indented.  This behaviour can be changed with the control
macro
#PARA_INDENT_FIRSTINDENT_FIRST_PARAS .
In contrast to some other macro packages, 
mom does not
deposit a blank line between paragraphs.  If you want her to do so, use
the control macro 
PARA_SPACE.  (I don't recommend
using this macro with
typesetting.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE .)
Note that 
mom does not provide "orphan
control" for paragraphs (i.e. even if only one line of a paragraph
fits at the bottom of a page, she will set it on that page).  The
reason for this is that writers of fiction often have single-line
paragraphs (e.g. in dialogue).  Groff's simplistic orphan control
will break these one-liners -- if they fall at the bottom of the page
-- to a new page, which is not what you want.
TIP: The last thing you want while you're writing
and editing drafts of a document (particulary stories and chapters)
is a text file cluttered up with 
PP's.  The visual
interruption in the flow of text is a serious obstacle to creativity
and critiquing.
I use the tab key on my keyboard to indent paragraphs when I'm writing,
producing a text file that looks pretty much like what you see on
a printed page.  When it comes time to format and print the file,
I run it through a sed script that (amongst other things) converts
the character generated by the tab key (
^I) into .PP(plus a new line), and pipe the output to groff for processing and
printing.
Another solution is to insert a blank line between paragraphs.
The blank lines can then be sedded out at print time as above, or,
more conveniently, you can use the 
.blm definitions.html#TERMS_PRIMITIVESprimitive (blank line macro) to instruct groff (and 
mom)
that blank lines should be interpreted as 
PP's.
	.blm PP
tells groff that all blank lines are really the macro 
PP.
	Macro: 
PP PP (on a line by itself, of course) tells mom to
start a new paragraph.  See
#PP_INTROabove for more details.  In addition to regular text paragraphs, you can
use 
PP in
#EPIGRAPH_INTROepigraphs ,
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROblockquotes and
#FOOTNOTE_INTROfootnotes .
Paragraph control macros
The 
PP being so important, and representing, as
it were, the basis of everything that goes on in a document, its
control is managed in a manner somewhat different from other document
element tags.
	
#PP_FAMILYFamily control 	
#PP_FONTFont control 	
#PP_LEADINGLeading/linespacing control 	
#PP_JUST_QUADJustification/quad control 	
#PARA_INDENTFirst-line indent control 	
#PARA_INDENT_FIRSTIntitial paragraphs indent control 	
#PP_SPACEParagraph spacing control 1. Family
The paragraph
definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILYfamily is set with
typesetting.html#FAMILYFAMILY prior to
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART ,
or
docprocessing.html#DOC_FAMILYDOC_FAMILY afterwards.  Please note that both globally affect the family of
every element in the document.
If you wish to change the family for regular
text paragraphs only, invoke 
FAMILY immediately
after 
PP in EVERY paragraph whose family you wish
to differ from the prevailing document family.
Mom's default paragraph (and document) family
is Times Roman.
2. Font -- PP_FONT
To change the
definitions.html#TERMS_FONTfont used in regular text paragraphs, use 
.PP_FONT,
which takes the same argument as
typesetting.html#FONTFT .
PP_FONT may be used before or after
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART .
Only regular text paragraphs are affected; paragraphs in
#EPIGRAPH_INTROepigraphs ,
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROblockquotes and
#FOOTNOTE_INTROfootnotes remain at their default setting (medium roman) unless you change them
with the appropriate control macros.
Mom's default paragraph font is medium roman.
3.Leading
The paragraph
definitions.html#TERMS_LEADINGleading is set with
typesetting.html#LEADINGLS prior to
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART ,
or
docprocessing.html#DOC_LEADDOC_LEAD afterwards.  Please note that either method globally affects the
leading and spacing of every document element (except
definitions.html#TERMS_HEADERheaders and
definitions.html#TERMS_FOOTERfooters ).
If you wish to change the leading of regular text paragraphs only,
invoke 
LS immediately after PP in
EVERY paragraph whose leading you wish to change.
HYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE: It is extremely unwise to change
paragraph leading with 
LS, as it will, in all cases,
screw up 
mom's ability to balance the bottom margin
of pages.
Mom's default paragraph leading (document leading)
is 16 points, adjusted to fill the page.
4. Justification/quad
The justification/quad-direction of regular text paragraphs (i.e.
definitions.html#TERMS_JUSTjustified ,
or
definitions.html#TERMS_FILLEDfilled and
definitions.html#TERMS_QUADquadded left/right/center) is set with
typesetting.html#JUSTIFYJUSTIFY or
typesetting.html#QUADQUAD prior to
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART ,
and with
docprocessing.html#DOC_QUADDOC_QUAD afterwards.
Please note that either method of setting the paragraph
justification/quad-direction also affects
#EPIGRAPH_INTROepigraphs and
#FOOTNOTE_INTROfootnotes ,
but not
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROblockquotes (whose default is QUAD LEFT unless you change it with
#BLOCKQUOTEBLOCKQUOTE_QUAD ).
The justification/quad-direction of epigraphs and footnotes may
be changed with their own control macros.
If you wish to change the justification/quad-direction of
individual paragraphs, use 
JUSTIFY or
QUAD immediately after PP.
Only the paragraph in question gets justified or quadded
differently;  subsequent paragraphs remain unaffected.
Mom's default justification/quad-direction for
paragraphs is justified for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE_TYPESET and quad left for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE_TYPEWRITE .
5. First-line indent -- PARA_INDENT
The first-line indent of paragraphs is controlled by
PARA_INDENT, which takes one argument: the size
of the indent.  
PARA_INDENT may be used before
or after
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART .
A
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure is required; fractional sizes are allowed.  Thus, to set the paragraph
indent to 4-1/2
definitions.html#TERMS_EMems , do
	.PARA_INDENT 4.5m
In addition to establishing the basic first line-indent of
paragraphs, 
PARA_INDENT also affects
#EPIGRAPH_INTROepigraphs ,
#QUOTE_INTROquotes and
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROblockquotes ,
whose overal indenting from the left and (where applicable) right
margins is relative to 
PARA_INDENT.  Furthermore, the
first-line indent of paragraphs within these document elements (as well
as footnotes) is also relative to 
PARA_INDENT (always
1/2 of 
PARA_INDENT)), hence they are also affected.
Mom's default PARA_INDENT is 2
ems for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE_TYPESET and 3 picas (1/2 inch) for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE_TYPEWRITE .
6. Indenting initial paragraphs -- INDENT_FIRST_PARAS
By default, 
mom does not indent the first paragraph
of a document, nor the first paragraph after a head or
subhead, nor the first paragraphs of 
#EPIGRAPH_INTROepigraphs ,
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROblockquotes or
#FOOTNOTE_INTROfootnotes that run to more than one paragraph.
If you wish to have first paragraphs indented, invoke the macro
.INDENT_FIRST_PARAS with no argument, either
before or after
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART .
INDENT_FIRST_PARAS is a toggle macro, therefore
passing it any argument (
OFF, QUIT, Q, X...) cancels
its effect, meaning that first paragraphs will once again NOT be
indented.
7. Spacing paragraphs -- PARA_SPACE
By default, 
mom does not insert a blank line
between paragraphs.  If you would like her to do so, invoke the
macro 
.PARA_SPACE with no argument, either
before or after
docprocessing.html#STARTSTART .
PARA_SPACE is a toggle macro, therefore passing
it any argument (
OFF, QUIT, Q, X...) cancels its
effect, meaning that paragraphs will once again NOT be separated by
a blank line.
Main heads
	
#HEADTag: HEAD 	
#HEAD_CONTROLHead control macros Main heads -- or, in this documentation, just "heads"
-- should be used any place you want titles to introduce major
sections of a document.  If you wish, 
mom can number
your heads for you.  Head numbers can also be included
hierarchically in numbered
#SUBHEAD_INTROsubheads and
#PARAHEAD_INTROparaheads .
By default, heads are centered on the page, underlined,
all in caps.  A double linespace precedes each head.  In 
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET , heads
are bold, slightly larger than paragraph text.
If these defaults don't suit you, you can change them with the
head control macros.
	Macro: 
HEAD "<text of head>" [ "<2nd line>" [ "<3rd line>" ... ] ] The argument to 
HEAD is the text of the head,
surrounded by double-quotes.  If you need additional lines for a
head, simply surround each line with double-quotes.
NOTE: If a head falls near the bottom of an output page
and 
mom is unable to fit the head plus at least
one line of text underneath it
, she will set the head at the
top of the next page.
Head control macros
There are, in addition to the usual family/font/size/quad control
macros, a number of macros to manage head numbering, spacing,
underlining, and so on.  Check them out if you're unhappy with
mom's defaults.
	
#HEAD_GENERALFamily/font/size/quad 	
#HEAD_CAPSCaps 	
#HEAD_SPACEPre-head space 	
#HEAD_UNDERLINEUnderlining 	
#NUMBER_HEADSNumbering 	
#RESET_HEAD_NUMBERReset head numbering 	
#HEAD_INLINESVertical inline escapes inside heads 1. Family/font/size/quad
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.HEAD_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.HEAD_FONT   default = bold
.HEAD_SIZE   default = +1 (point)
.HEAD_QUAD   default = CENTER
2. Capitalizing heads -- HEAD_CAPS
By default, 
mom sets heads in caps, regardless
of the
definitions.html#TERMS_STRINGARGUMENTstring(s) you give to
#HEADHEAD .
To change this behaviour, do
	.HEAD_CAPS OFF
HEAD_CAPS is a toggle macro, therefore you can use
any argument you like instead of 
OFF (END,
QUIT, Q, X
...).  To turn HEAD_CAPS back on,
simply invoke it without an argument.
3. Space before heads -- HEAD_SPACE
By default, 
mom deposits 2 blank lines prior to every
head.  If you'd prefer just a single blank line, do
	.HEAD_SPACE OFF
HEAD_SPACE is a toggle macro, therefore you can use
any argument you like instead of 
OFF (END,
QUIT, Q, X
...).  To restore the space before heads to 2
blank lines, invoke 
HEAD_SPACE without an argument.
4. Underlining heads -- HEAD_UNDERLINE
By default, 
mom underlines heads.  To change this
behaviour, do
	.HEAD_UNDERLINE OFF
HEAD_UNDERLINE is a toggle macro, therefore you can
use any argument you like instead of 
OFF (END,
QUIT, Q, X
...).  To restore underlining of heads, invoke
HEAD_UNDERLINE without an argument.
5. Number heads -- NUMBER_HEADS
If you'd like your heads numbered, simply invoke
NUMBER_HEADS with no argument.  Momwill number all subsequent heads automatically (in ascending order,
naturally).
If, in addition to numbering heads, you also request that
#SUBHEAD_INTROsubheads and/or
#PARAHEAD_INTROparaheads be numbered, the head number will be included in their numbers
(each number separated by a period [dot]).
Should you wish to stop head numbering, invoke
NUMBER_HEADS with any argument (OFF, QUIT,
END, X
...).  Head numbering will cease, and the head number
will not be included in the numbering of subheads and/or paraheads.
6. Reset head numbering -- RESET_HEAD_NUMBER
Should you wish to reset the head number to "1", invoke
RESET_HEAD_NUMBER with no argument.  If, for some
reason, you want 
mom to use a head number that is not
the next in ascending order (i.e. the last head number + 1), invoke
RESET_HEAD_NUMBER with the number you want, e.g.
	.RESET_HEAD_NUMBER 6
Your next head will be numbered "6" and subsequent heads will
be numbered in ascending order from "6".
7. Vertical inline escapes inside heads
If you need to adjust the
definitions.html#TERMS_BASELINEbaseline position of a head (e.g. the head falls at the top of a column and
you want its
definitions.html#TERMS_ASCENDERascenders to line up with the ascenders of
definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNINGrunning text in other columns), you can embed a vertical motion
definitions.html#TERMS_INLINESinline escape (either
inlines.html#INLINE_VERTICAL_MOMmom's or
inlines.html#INLINE_VERTICAL_GROFFgroff's in the string(s) you pass to 
HEADFor example,
	.HEAD "\[ALD3]Text of head
will lower the baseline of the head by three points.  Note that
there's no need to reverse the sense of the inline escape.
In the case of heads that run to more than one line, you must embed
the escape in the string for each line, like this:
	.HEAD "\[ALD3]First line" "\[ALD3]Next line" 
Subheads
	
#SUBHEADTag: SUBHEAD 	
#SUBHEAD_CONTROLSubhead control macros Subheads should be used any place you want titles to introduce
sections of a document below heads.  If you wish, 
momcan number subheads for you.  Subhead numbers can also be included
hierarchically in numbered
#PARAHEAD_INTROparaheads .
By default, subheads are flush left.  In
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET ,
they are set bold, slightly larger than paragraph text.  In
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ,
they are underlined.  A single linespace precedes them in both
printstyles, and a tiny space adjustment raises them slightly
above text that comes afterwards for greater clarity in
document structuring.
If these defaults don't suit you, you can change them with the
subhead control macros.
	Macro: 
SUBHEAD "<text of subhead>" [ "<2nd line>" [ "<3rd line>" ... ] ] The argument to 
SUBHEAD is the text of the subhead,
surrounded by double-quotes.  If you need additional lines for a
subhead, simply surround each line with double-quotes.
NOTE: If a subhead falls near the bottom of an output
page and 
mom is unable to fit the head plus at
least one line of text underneath it
, she will set the subhead
at the top of the next page.
Subhead control macros
In addition to the usual family/font/size/quad control
macros, there are macros to manage subhead numbering.
	
#SUBHEAD_GENERALFamily/font/size/quad 	
#NUMBER_SUBHEADSNumbering 	
#RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBERReset subhead numbering 	
#SUBHEAD_INLINESVertical inline escapes inside subheads 1. Family/font/size/quad
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.SUBHEAD_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.SUBHEAD_FONT   default = bold
.SUBHEAD_SIZE   default = +.5 (point)
.SUBHEAD_QUAD   default = LEFT
2. Number subheads -- NUMBER_SUBHEADS
If you'd like your subheads numbered, simply invoke
.NUMBER_SUBHEADS with no argument.
Mom will number all subsequent subheads automatically
(in ascending order, naturally).
If, in addition to numbering subheads, you also request that
#HEAD_INTROheads be numbered, the head number will be included in the subhead number
(separated by a period [dot]).
Should you wish to stop subhead numbering, invoke
NUMBER_SUBHEADS with any argument (OFF, QUIT,
END, X
...).  Subhead numbering will cease, and the subhead
number will not be included in the numbering of paraheads.
3. Reset head numbering -- RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER
Should you wish to reset the subhead number to "1", invoke
RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER with no argument.  If, for some
reason, you want 
mom to use a subhead number that is not
the next in ascending order (i.e. the last subhead number + 1), invoke
RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER with the number you want, e.g.
	.RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER 4
Your next subhead will be numbered "4" and subsequent
subheads will be numbered in ascending order from "4".
Vertical inline escapes inside subheads
See
#HEAD_INLINESVertical inline escapes inside heads .
The information there applies equally to subheads.
Paragraph heads
	
#PARAHEADTag: PARAHEAD 	
#PARAHEAD_CONTROLParahead control macros Paragraph heads (paraheads) should be used any place you want titles
to introduce paragraphs below heads or subheads.  If you wish,
mom can number paraheads for you.
By default, paraheads are joined to the body of a paragraph,
slightly indented (provided the paragraph is not a
"first" paragraph as defined in
#PARA_INDENT_FIRSTIndenting initial paragraphs ).
In
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET ,
they are set bold italic, slightly larger than paragraph text.  In
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ,
they are underlined.
If these defaults don't suit you, you can change them with the
parahead control macros.
	Macro: 
PARAHEAD "<text of parahead>" PARAHEAD must come AFTER
#PPPP or it will not work!
The argument is the text of the parahead, surrounded by double-quotes.
Because paraheads are joined to the body of a paragraph, they accept
only one argument (see
#HEADHEAD and
#SUBHEADSUBHEAD ).
Parahead control macros
In addition to the family/font/size/indent control macros, there are
macros to manage parahead numbering.
	
#PARAHEAD_GENERALFamily/font/size 	
#PARAHEAD_INDENTIndent 	
#NUMBER_PARAHEADSNumbering 	
#RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBERReset parahead numbering 1. Family/font/size
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.PARAHEAD_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.PARAHEAD_FONT   default = bold italic
.PARAHEAD_SIZE   default = +.5 (point)
2. Indent
Unlike other control macros that end in
#CONTROL_INDENTS_INDENT ,
the argument to the macro that controls indenting of paragraph heads
(
PARAHEAD_INDENT) is NOT relative to the first-line
indent of normal paragraphs.  In other words, it takes an absolute
value, and requires a
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure .
For example, to set the paragraph head indent to 2-1/2 picas, you
do:
	.PARAHEAD_INDENT 2.5P
Mom's default indent for paragraph heads is 1/2
the first-line indent of normal paragraphs (both printstyles).
However, as stated above, if you choose to change the indent, you
must give an absolute value (unless you're a groff expert and want
to manipulate the number register 
\n[#PP_INDENT]uarithmetically as the argument to 
PARAHEAD_INDENTfor an indent that's relative to 
PP_INDENT.)
NOTE: Paragraph heads in "first
paragraphs", as defined in
#PARA_INDENT_FIRSTIndenting initial paragraphs ,
are not indented unless you turn
#INDENT_FIRST_PARASINDENT_FIRST_PARAS on.
3. Number paraheads -- NUMBER_PARAHEADS
If you'd like your paraheads numbered, simply invoke
.NUMBER_PARAHEADS with no argument.
Mom will number all subsequent paraheads automatically
(in ascending order, naturally).
If, in addition to numbering paraheads, you also request that
#HEAD_INTROheads and
#SUBHEAD_INTROsubheads be numbered, the head and/or subhead number will be included in the
parahead number (separated by a period [dot]).
Should you wish to stop parahead numbering, invoke
NUMBER_PARAHEADS with any argument (OFF,
QUIT, END, X
...).  Parahead numbering will cease.
4. Reset head numbering -- RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER
Should you wish to reset the parahead number to "1", invoke
RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER with no argument.  If, for some
reason, you want 
mom to use a parahead number that is not
the next in ascending order (i.e. the last parahead number + 1), invoke
RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER with the number you want, e.g.
	.RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER 7
Your next parahead will be numbered "7" and subsequent
paraheads will be numbered in ascending order from "7".
Author linebreaks
	
#LINEBREAKTag: LINEBREAK 	
#LINEBREAK_CHARLinebreak character control macro By default, 
mom marks
definitions.html#TERMS_LINEBREAKauthor linebreaks with three centered asterisks.  You can change this behaviour
with the linebreak character
definitions.html#TERMS_CONTROLMACROcontrol macro .
	Macro: 
LINEBREAK LINEBREAK takes no arguments.  Simply invoke it
(on a line by itself, of course) whenever you want to insert an
author linebreak.  The appearance of the linebreak is controlled
by the
#LINEBREAK_CHARLINEBREAK_CHAR macro.
Linebreak character control macro
	Macro: 
LINEBREAK_CHAR [ <character> ] [ <iterations> [ <vertical adjustment> ] ] *The third optional argument requires a
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure .
LINEBREAK_CHAR determines what momprints when 
LINEBREAK is invoked.  It takes 3
optional arguments: the character you want deposited at the line
break, the number of times you want the character repeated, and a
vertical adjustment factor.
The first argument is any legal groff character (e.g. 
*[an asterisk], 
\(dg [a dagger], \f(ZD\N'141\fP[an arbitrary character from Zapf Dingbats], 
\l'4P'[a 4-pica long rule]).  
Mom sets the character
centered on the current line length.
The second argument is the number of times to repeat the character.
The third argument is a +|- value by which to raise (+) or lower (-)
the character in order to make it appear visually centered between
sections of text.  This lets you make vertical adjustments
to characters that don't sit on the
definitions.html#TERMS_BASELINEbaseline (such as asterisks).  The argument must be preceded by a plus or
minus sign, and must include a unit of measure.
If you enter 
LINEBREAK_CHAR with no arguments,
sections of text will be separated by two blank lines when you invoke
LINEBREAK.
Mom's default for LINEBREAK_CHAR is
	.LINEBREAK_CHAR * 3 -3p
i.e. three asterisks, lowered 3 points from their normal vertical
position (for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET ;
the vertical adjustment is -2 points for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ).
Quotes (line for line)
	
#QUOTETag: QUOTE 	
#QUOTE_CONTROLQuote control macros definitions.html#TERMS_QUOTEQuotes are always set in
definitions.html#TERMS_NOFILLnofill mode ,
flush left.  This permits entering quotes on a line for line basis in
your text editor and have them come out the same way on output copy.
(See
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROBlockquotes for how quotes, in the present sense, differ from longer
passages of cited text.)
Since 
mom originally came into being to serve
the needs of creative writers (i.e. novelists, short story
writers, etc. -- not to cast aspersions on the creativity of
mathematicians and programmers), she sets quotes in italics
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE(PRINTSTYLE TYPESET) or underlined
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE(PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE) ,
indented from the left margin.  Obviously, she's thinking
"quotes from poetry or song lyrics", but with the
quote control macros you can change her defaults so
QUOTE serves other needs, e.g. entering snippets of
programming code, command line instructions, and so on.
Besides indenting quotes, 
mom further sets them
off from
definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNINGrunning text with a small amount of vertical whitespace top and bottom.  In
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ,
this is always one full linespace.  In
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET ,
it's 1/2 of the prevailing
definitions.html#TERMS_LEADINGleading if the quote fits fully on the page (i.e. with running text above
and below it), otherwise it's a full linespace either above or below
as is necessary to balance the page to the bottom margin.  This
behaviour can be changed with the control macro
#ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTESALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES .
NOTE: ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTESapplies to both
#QUOTEQUOTE and
#BLOCKQUOTEBLOCKQUOTE ,
as does the control macro
#QUOTE_INDENTQUOTE_INDENT .
	Macro: 
QUOTE toggle QUOTE is a toggle macro.  To begin a section of
quoted text, invoke it with no argument, then type in your quote.
When you're finished, invoke 
QUOTE with any
argument (e.g. OFF, END, X, Q...) to turn it off.  Example:
	.QUOTE
	Nymphomaniacal Jill
	Used a dynamite stick for a thrill
	They found her vagina
	In North Carolina
	And bits of her tits in Brazil.
	.QUOTE END
Quote control macros
	
#QUOTE_GENERALFamily/font/size/indent 	
#ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTESSpacing above and below (typeset only) 	
#UNDERLINE_QUOTESUnderline quotes (typewrite only) 	
#BREAK_QUOTEManually break a footnoted quote that crosses pages/columns 1. Family/font/size/indent
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.QUOTE_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.QUOTE_FONT   default = italic
.QUOTE_SIZE   default = 0 (i.e. same size as paragraph text)
.QUOTE_INDENT default = paragraph indent x 3 (typeset); x 2 (typewrite)              (note that this macro also sets the indents (left and right)
              for blockquotes)
2. Spacing above and below -- ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES (typeset only)
If you'd like 
mom always to put a full linespace above
and below quotes, invoke 
.ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTESwith no argument.  If you wish to restore 
mom's
default behaviour regarding the spacing of quotes (see
#QUOTE_SPACINGabove ),
invoke the macro with any argument (
OFF, QUIT, END,
X
...)
NOTE: This macro also sets mom's
spacing policy for
#BLOCKQUOTE_INTROblockquotes .
3. Underlining -- UNDERLINE_QUOTES (typewrite only)
By default in
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ,
mom underlines quotes.  If you'd rather she didn't,
invoke 
.UNDERLINE_QUOTES with any argument
(
OFF, QUIT, END, X...) to disable the feature.
Invoke it without an argument to restore 
mom's
default underlining of quotes.
If you not only wish that 
mom not underline
quotes, but also that she set them in italic, you must follow each
instance of 
QUOTE with the typesetting macro typesetting.html#FONTFT I .
Furthermore, since 
mom underlines all instances
of italics by default in 
PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE,
you must also make sure that 
ITALIC_MEANS_ITALICis enabled (see
docprocessing.html#TYPEWRITE_CONTROLPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE control macros ).
4. Manually break a footnoted quote -- BREAK_QUOTE
Exceptionally, a quote or blockquote containing a footnote may cross
a page or column.  When this happens, the footnote marker may not be
correct for its position relative to other footnotes on the page, and
the footnote itself may appear on the wrong page or at the bottom of
the wrong column.  When this happens, study your output to determine
the precise point at which the quote breaks (or at which you want
it to break), and add 
.BREAK_QUOTE on a line by itself
afterwards.  No other intervention is required, and the footnote(s)
will be marked correctly and appear on the correct page.
BREAK_QUOTE may be used with both quotes and
blockquotes, and hence is aliased as 
BREAK_BLOCKQUOTE,
BREAK_CITATION
 and BREAK_CITE.
Blockquotes (cited passages)
	
#BLOCKQUOTETag: BLOCKQUOTE (aliases: CITE, CITATION) 	
#BLOCKQUOTE_CONTROLBLOCKQUOTE control macros BLOCKQUOTES are used to cite passages from another
author's work.  So that they stand out well from
definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNINGrunning text ,
mom indents them from both the left and right margins
and sets them in a different point size
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE(PRINTSTYLE TYPESET only).
definitions.html#TERMS_OUTPUTLINEOutput lines are
definitions.html#TERMS_FILLEDfilled ,
and, by default,
definitions.html#TERMS_QUADquadded left.
Besides indenting blockquotes, 
mom further sets them
off from running text with a small amount of vertical whitespace top
and bottom.  (See
#QUOTE_SPACINGabove for a complete explanation of how this is managed, and how to control it.)
You may notice that 
BLOCKQUOTE has no macro to
control
definitions.html#TERMS_LEADINGleading ,
although you can change the point size.  There are Very Good
Reasons for this.  If you can't live with the limitation, change
the leading of blockquotes (after invoking the tag) with
typesetting.html#LSLS ,
but know that there will be Bottom Margin Consequences. 
	Macro: 
BLOCKQUOTE toggle	
	Aliases: 
CITE, CITATION BLOCKQUOTE is a toggle macro.  To begin a
cited passage, invoke the tag with no argument, then type in your quote.
When you're finished, invoke 
BLOCKQUOTE with any
argument (e.g. OFF, END, X, Q...) to turn it off.  Example:
	.BLOCKQUOTE
	Redefining the role of the United States from enablers to keep
	the peace to enablers to keep the peace from peacekeepers is
	going to be an assignment.
	.RIGHT
	\(emGeorge W. Bush
	.BLOCKQUOTE END
If the cited passage runs to more than one paragraph, you MUST
introduce each paragraph -- 
including the first! --
with
#PPPP .
NOTE: The aliases CITEand 
CITATION may be used in place of the
BLOCKQUOTE tag, but "CITE" and
"CITATION" must not be used to replace "BLOCKQUOTE"
in any of the tag's control macros.
Blockquote control macros
	
#BLOCKQUOTE_GENERALFamily/font/size/indent 	
#ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTESSpacing above and below (typeset only) 	
#BREAK_QUOTEManually break a footnoted blockquote that crosses pages/columns 1. Family/font/size/indent
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.BLOCKQUOTE_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.BLOCKQUOTE_FONT   default = italic
.BLOCKQUOTE_SIZE   default = -1 (point)
.QUOTE_INDENT      default = paragraph indent x 3 (typeset); x 2 (typewrite)
                  (note that this macro also sets the left indent for quotes)
2. Spacing above and below -- ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES (typeset only)
If you'd like 
mom always to put a full linespace above
and below blockquotes, invoke 
.ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTESwith no argument.  If you wish to restore 
mom's
default behaviour regarding the spacing of blockquotes (see
#QUOTE_SPACINGabove ),
invoke the macro with any argument (
OFF, QUIT, END,
X
...).
NOTE: This macro also sets mom's
spacing policy for
#QUOTE_INTROquotes .
Footnotes
	
#FOOTNOTE_BEHAVIOURFootnote behaviour 	
#FOOTNOTETag: FOOTNOTE 	
#FOOTNOTE_CONTROLFOOTNOTE control macros For something so complex behind the scenes, footnotes are easy to use.
You just type, for example
	...the doctrines of Identity as urged by Schelling\c
	.FOOTNOTE
	<footnote about who the hell is Schelling>
	.FOOTNOTE OFF
	were generally the points of discussion presenting the most
	of beauty to the imaginative Morella.
and be done with it.  (Note the obligatory use of the
\c definitions.html#TERMS_INLINESinline escape .)
Mom takes care of everything:
putting footnote markers in the body of the document, keeping track
of how many footnotes are on the page, identifying the footnotes
themeselves appropriately, balancing them properly with the botton
margin, deferring footnotes that don't fit on the page...  Even if
you're using
columns.html#COLUMNSCOLUMNS ,
mom knows what to do, and Does The Right Thing.
Footnotes can be sly little beasts, though.  If you're writing a
document that's footnote-heavy, you might want to read the following.
Footnote behaviour
By default, 
mom marks footnotes with
alternating stars (asterisks) and daggers.  The first footnote
gets a star, the second a dagger, the third two stars,
the fourth two daggers, etc.  If you prefer numbered footnotes, rest
assured 
mom is happy to oblige.
A small amount of vertical whitespace and a short horizontal rule
separate footnotes from the document body.  The amount of whitespace
varies slightly from page to page depending on the number of lines
in the  footnotes.  
Mom tries for a nice balance
between too little whitespace and too much, but when push comes to
shove, she'll opt for ample over cramped.  The last lines of footnotes
are always flush with the document's bottom margin.
If 
mom sees that a portion of a footnote cannot
be fit on its page, she carries that portion over to the next
page.  If an entire footnote can't be fitted on its page (i.e.
FOOTNOTE has been called too close to the bottom),
she defers the footnote to the next page, but sets it with the
appropriate marker from the previous page.
In the unfortunate happenstance that a deferred footnote is the
only footnote on its page (i.e. it's marked in the document body with
a star) and the page it's deferred has its own footnotes,
mom separates the deferred footnote from the page's
proper footnote(s) with a blank line.  This avoids the confusion that
might result from readers seeing two footnote entries on the same page
identified by a single star (or the number 1 if you've requested
numbered footnotes that begin at 1 on every page).  The blank line
makes it clear that the first footnote entry belongs to the previous
page.
In the circumstance where a deferred footnote is not the only one on
its page, and is consequently marked by something other than a single
star, there's no confusion and 
mom doesn't bother
with the blank line.  (By convention, the first footnote on a page is
always marked with a single star, so if readers see, say, a dagger or two
stars marking the first footnote entry, they'll know the entry belongs
to the previous page).
Obviously, deferred footnotes aren't an issue if you request numbered
footnotes that increase incrementally throughout the whole document --
yet another convenience 
mom has thought of.
Exceptionally, you may encounter problems with footnotes inside
quotes and blockquotes that cross a page or column.  See
#BREAK_QUOTEBREAK_QUOTE for a solution.
	Macro: 
FOOTNOTE <toggle> | INDENT LEFT | RIGHT | BOTH <indent value>	
	
*See #FOOTNOTE_NOTEHYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE !!!
	
	<indent value> requires a
	
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure FOOTNOTE is a toggle macro, therefore invoking it
on a line by itself allows you to enter a footnote in the body of a
document.  Invoking it with any argument 
other than INDENT(i.e. 
OFF, QUIT, END, X...) tells momyou're finished.
Footnotes are the only element of
definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNINGrunning text that are not affected by the typesetting
typesetting.html#INDENTSindent macros .
In the unlikely event that you want a page's footnotes to line
up with a running indent, invoke 
FOOTNOTE with
the 
INDENT argument and pass it an indent
direction and indent value.  
L, R, and
B may be used in place of LEFT,
RIGHT,
 and BOTH.
FOOTNOTE must be invoked with INDENTfor every footnote you want indented; 
mom does
not save any footnote indent information from invocation to
invocation.
NOTE: If a footnote runs to more than one
paragraph(!), 
DO NOT begin the footnote with
the
#PPPP tag.  Use 
PP only to introduce subsequent paragraphs.
HYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE: The final word on the
definitions.html#TERMS_INPUTLINEinput line that comes immediately before 
FOOTNOTE MUST terminate
with a
typesetting.html#JOIN\c inline escape.  Otherwise, the footnote marker for the word won't be attached to
it (i.e. 
mom will insert a word space between the word
and the marker).  See the
#FOOTNOTE_EXAMPLEfootnote example above.
Footnote control macros
	
#FOOTNOTE_GENERALFamily/font/size/lead/quad 	
#FOOTNOTE_MARKERSFootnote markers  -- on or off
	
#FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLEFootnote marker style  -- star+dagger or numbered
	
#RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBERReset footnote number  -- set footnote marker number to 1
	
#FOOTNOTE_RULEFootnote rule  -- on or off
	
#FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTHFootnote rule length  -- length of footnote separator rule
	
#FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJAdjust vertical position of footnote separator rule 1. Family/font/size/quad/lead
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.FOOTNOTE_FAMILY    default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.FOOTNOTE_FONT      default = roman
.FOOTNOTE_SIZE      default = -2 (points)
.FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD  default = 2 points (typeset); single-spaced (typewrite)
.FOOTNOTE_QUAD      default = same as paragraphs
2. Footnote markers -- FOOTNOTE_MARKERS
If you don't want footnote markers, in either the body of
the document or beside footnote entries themselves, toggle
them off with 
.FOOTNOTE_MARKERS OFF (or
END, QUIT, X...).  This means, of course, that
you'll have to roll your own.  If you want them back on, invoke
.FOOTNOTE_MARKERS with no argument.  Footnote markers
are on by default.
3. Footnote marker style -- FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE
Mom gives you two choices of footnote marker style:
star+dagger (see 
#FOOTNOTE_BEHAVIOURfootnote behaviour above), or numbered.
.FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE STAR gives you star+dagger
(the default).  There is a limit of 10 footnotes per page with
this style.
.FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE NUMBER gives you superscript
numbers, both in the document body and in the footnote entries
themselves.  By default, footnote numbers increase incrementally
(prev. footnote number + 1) throughout the whole document.  You can
ask 
mom to start each page's footnote numbers at 1
with 
.RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER (see below).
4. Reset footnote number -- RESET FOOTNOTE NUMBER
.RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER, by itself, resets
footnote numbering so that the next footnote you enter is
numbered 1.
.RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER PAGE tells
mom to start every page's footnote numbering at 1.
5. Footnote rule -- FOOTNOTE_RULE
If you don't want a footnote separator rule, toggle it off with
.FOOTNOTE_RULE OFF (or END,
QUIT, X
...).  Toggle it back on by invoking
.FOOTNOTE_RULE with no argument.  The default is to
print the rule.
6. Footnote rule length -- FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH
If you want to change the length of the footnote separator rule,
invoke 
.FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH with a length, like
this,
	.FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH 1i
which sets the length to 1 inch.  Note that a
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure is required.  The default is 4
definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTSpicas for both
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEprintstyles .
7. Adjust vertical position of footnote separator rule -- FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ
The footnote separator rule is actually a baseline rule that falls
on the
definitions.html#TERMS_BASELINEbaseline of the first line of a page's footnotes.  By default,
mom raises the rule 3
definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTSpoints from the baseline so that the separator and the footnotes don't
look jammed together.  If you'd prefer a different vertical
adjustment, invoke 
.FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ with the
amount you'd like.  For example
	.FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ 4.25p
raises the rule by 4-1/4 points.  Note that you can only raise
the rule, not lower it.  A
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure is required.
Endnotes
	
#ENDNOTE_BEHAVIOUREndnote behaviour 	
		
#ENDNOTE_SPACINGA Note on Endnote Spacing 		
#ENDNOTE_COLUMNSEndnotes and columnar documents 	
	
#ENDNOTETag: ENDNOTE 	
#ENDNOTESMacro: ENDNOTES  -- tell mom to output endnotes
	
#ENDNOTE_CONTROLENDNOTE control macros Embedding endnotes into 
mom documents is accomplished
the same way as embedding
#FOOTNOTE_INTROfootnotes .  The example below is
identical to the one shown in the
#FOOTNOTE_EXAMPLEintroduction to footnotes ,
except that 
.FOOTNOTE has been replaced with
.ENDNOTE.
	...the doctrines of Identity as urged by Schelling\c
	.ENDNOTE
	<endnote about who the hell is Schelling>
	.ENDNOTE OFF
	were generally the points of discussion presenting the most
	of beauty to the imaginative Morella.
As with footnotes, note the obligatory use of the 
\c definitions.html#TERMS_INLINESinline escape .
Endnotes differ from footnotes in two ways (other than the fact that
endnotes come at the end of a document whereas footnotes appear in the
body of the document):
    
Endnotes are always numbered incrementally throughout a
	    document.  In other words, you don't get a choice of marker styles,
	    as you do with footnotes.
	
Endnotes MUST be output explicitly; mom does
		not output them for you.  In
		
rectoverso.html#COLLATEcollated 		documents, this allows you to choose whether you
		want the endnotes to appear at the end of each chapter or
		section, or grouped together at the very end of the document.
Within endnotes, you may use the document element tags
#PPPP ,
#QUOTEQUOTE and
#BLOCKQUOTEBLOCKQUOTE .
This provides the flexibility to create endnotes that run to several
paragraphs, as well as to embed cited text within endnotes.
Should you wish to change the appearance of quotes or blockquotes that
appear within endnotes, you may do so with the
#QUOTE_CONTROLquote control macros or
#BLOCKQUOTE_CONTROLblockquote control macros .
HOWEVER... you must make the changes 
within each endnote, prior
to invoking 
QUOTE or BLOCKQUOTE, and
undo them prior to terminating the endnote (i.e. before 
ENDNOTE
OFF
), otherwise the changes will affect subsequent quotes and
blockquotes that appear in the document body as well.
Endnote behaviour
When you output endnotes (with
#ENDNOTESENDNOTES ),
mom finishes processing the last page of your document,
then breaks to a new page for printing the endnotes.  If the document
type is
docprocessing.html#DOCTYPECHAPTER ,
the centre part of the
definitions.html#TERMS_HEADERheader (or footer), which, by default, contains a chapter number or title, is
removed.
By default, 
mom starts the endnotes page with a
bold, centered, double-underscored head, "ENDNOTES".
Underneath--flush left, bold, and underscored--she prints the document
title (or, in the case of chapters, the chapter number or title).  She
then prints the endnotes.  Each endnote is identified by its appropriate
number, in bold, right aligned to two placeholders.  The text of the
endnotes themselves is indented to the right of the numbers.
If the endnotes are grouped together at the end of a collated document,
each section of the document that contains endnotes is identified by its
own unique title (or chapter number or title), bold, flush left, and
underscored.
Of course, all the defaults, as well as the overall style of the
endnotes page, can be changed with the
#ENDNOTE_CONTROLendnote control macros .
The attentive will notice that endnotes have an awful lot of control
macros.  This is because endnotes are like a mini-document unto
themselves, and therefore need not be bound by the style parameters of
the body of the document.
	
A Note on Endnote Spacing
On the endnotes page(s), each new endnote is separated from the
previous endnote by a full line space.  This can result in a bottom
margin that hangs, and is the one instance, other than the use of
#PP_SPACEPARA_SPACE ,
where 
mom allows unequal bottom alignment of pages.
Should you wish to correct this, by adding or subtracting small amounts
of space between endnotes that appear together on an endnote page, make
the adjustment (with
typesetting.html#ALDALD ,
typesetting.html#RLDRLD or
typesetting.html#SPACESPACE )
at the end of each endnote (i.e. just before invoking
#ENDNOTEENDNOTE OFF )
rather than at the top.
	
Endnotes and columnar documents
At present, there is no way to set a document in columns (see
docprocessing.html#COLUMNSCOLUMNS )
and then turn off column mode for endnotes.  If your document is set in
columns, your endnotes will be, too.
	Macro: 
ENDNOTE <toggle>	
	
*See #ENDNOTE_NOTEHYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE !!!
ENDNOTE is a toggle macro, therefore invoking it
on a line by itself allows you to enter an endnote in the body of a
document.  Invoking it with any other argument 
(i.e. 
OFF, QUIT, END, X...) tells momthat you've finished the endnote.
NOTE: If an endnote runs to more than one paragraph,
DO NOT begin the endnote with the
#PPPP tag.  Use 
PP only to introduce subsequent paragraphs.
HYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE: The final word on the
definitions.html#TERMS_INPUTLINEinput line that comes immediately before 
ENDNOTE MUST terminate
with a
typesetting.html#JOIN\c inline escape.  Otherwise, the endnote number for the word won't be attached to
it (i.e. 
mom will insert a word space between the word
and the number).  See the
#ENDNOTE_EXAMPLEendnote example above.
Macro: ENDNOTES Unlike footnotes, which 
mom automatically outputs at the
bottom of pages, endnotes must be explicitly output by you, the user.
ENDNOTES, by itself (i.e. without any argument), is
the macro to do this.
Typically, you'll use 
ENDNOTES at the end of
a document.  If it's a single (i.e. not collated) document,
mom will print the endnotes pertaining to it.  If it's
a collated document, 
mom will print all the endnotes
contained within all sections of the document (typically chapters),
appropriately identified and numbered.
Should you wish to output the endnotes for each section of a collated
document at the ends of the sections (instead of at the very end of the
document), simply invoke 
ENDNOTES immediately prior to
rectoverso.html#COLLATECOLLATE .
Mom will print the endnotes, identified and numbered
appropriately, on a separate page prior to starting the next section of
the document.  Each subsequent invocation of 
ENDNOTESoutputs only those endnotes that 
mom collected
after the previous invocation.
Endnote control macros
Every time you embed an endnote in the body of a document,
mom collects and processes the endnote for
later outputting when you invoke
#ENDNOTESENDNOTES .
For this reason, endnote control macros should always be invoked prior
to the first instance of
#ENDNOTEENDNOTE/ENDNOTE OFF .
	
#ENDNOTES_GENERALGeneral endnotes-pages style control 		
			
#ENDNOTE_GENERALBase family/font/quad for endnotes-pages 			
#ENDNOTE_PT_SIZEBase point size for the endnotes-pages 			
#ENDNOTE_LEADLeading of endnotes-pages 			
#ENDNOTE_PARA_INDENTSize of paragraph first line indent in multi-paragraph endnotes 			
#ENDNOTE_PARA_SPACEInserting space between paragraphs of multi-paragraph endnotes 		
	
#ENDNOTES_HEADER_CONTROLEndnotes-page header/footer control 	
#ENDNOTES_MAIN_TITLEEndnotes-page head control 		
			
#ENDNOTE_STRINGCreating/modifying the endnotes-page head 			
#ENDNOTE_STRING_CONTROLEndnotes-page head control 			
#ENDNOTE_STRING_UNDERSCOREEndnotes-page head underscoring 		
	
#ENDNOTES_DOC_TITLEEndnote document-identification title 		
			
#ENDNOTE_TITLECreating/modifying the endnote document-identification title 			
#ENDNOTE_TITLE_CONTROLDocument-identification title control 			
#ENDNOTE_TITLE_UNDERSCOREDocument-identification title underscoring 		
	
#ENDNOTES_NUMBERINGEndnotes-pages endnote numbering style 		
			
#ENDNOTE_NUMBER_CONTROLEndnotes-pages endnote numbering style control 			
#ENDNOTE_NUMBER_ALIGNMENTEndnote numbering alignment 			
				
#ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHTENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHT 				
#ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_LEFTENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_LEFT 			
		
1. General endnotes page style control
Endnote family/font/quad
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.ENDNOTE_FAMILY    default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.ENDNOTE_FONT      default = roman
.ENDNOTE_QUAD      default = justified
Endnote point size
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE <base type size of endnotes>Unlike most other control macros that deal with size of document
elements, 
ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE takes as its argument an
absolute value, relative to nothing.  Therefore, the argument represents
the size of endnote type in
definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTSpoints ,
unless you append an alternative
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure .
For example,
	.ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE 12
sets the base point size of type on the endnotes page to 12
points, whereas
	.ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE .6i
sets the base point size of type on the endnotes page to 1/6 of an
inch.
The type size set with 
ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE is the size of
type used for the text of the endnotes, and forms the basis from which
the point size of other endnote page elements is calculated.
The default for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET is 12 points (the same default size used in the body of the document).
Endnote lead
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_LEAD <base leading of endnotes>Unlike most other control macros that deal with leading of document
elements, 
ENDNOTE_LEAD takes as its argument an
absolute value, relative to nothing.  Therefore, the argument represents
the
definitions.html#TERMS_LEADINGleading of endnotes in
definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTSpoints unless you append an alternative
definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure .
For example,
	.ENDNOTE_LEAD 14
sets the base leading of type on the endnotes page to 14
points, whereas
	.ENDNOTE_LEAD .5i
sets the base leading of type on the endnotes page to 1/2 inch.
The default for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET is 14 points.
Endnote paragraph indent
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_PARA_INDENT <amount to indent first line of paragraphs in endnotes>*Requires a definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASUREunit of measure ENDNOTE_PARA_INDENT works exactly the same way as
#PARA_INDENTPARA_INDENT ,
except that the indent given is the amount by which to indent the first
lines of endnote paragraphs, not document body paragraphs.
The default is 1.5
definitions.html#TERMS_EMems for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPESET ;
1/2 inch for
docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE .
NOTE: The first line of the first paragraph of endnotes
(the one attached immediately to the identifying endnote number) is
never indented.  Only subsequent paragraphs are affected by
ENDNOTE_PARA_INDENT.  
Endnote paragraph spacing
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_PARA_SPACE <toggle>ENDNOTE_PARA_SPACE works exactly the same way as
#PP_SPACEPARA_SPACE ,
except that it inserts a blank line between endnote paragraphs, not
document body paragraphs.
The default is not to insert a blank line between paragraphs in
endnotes.
NOTE: Each endnote itself is always separated from any
previous endnote by a line space.  
ENDNOTE_PARA_SPACErefers only to paragraphs that appear within each discrete endnote.
2. Endnotes-page header/footer control
If you wish to modify the header/footer that appears on endnotes
page(s), make the changes before you invoke
#ENDNOTESENDNOTES ,
not afterwards.
Except in the case of
docprocessing.html#DOCTYPEDOCTYPE CHAPTER ,
mom prints the same header or footer used throughout
the document on the endnotes page(s).  Chapters get treated differently
in that, by default, 
mom does not print the
header/footer centre string (normally the chapter number or chapter
title.)  In most cases, this is what you want.  However, should you
not want mom to remove the centre string from
the endnotes page(s) headers/footers, invoke
#ENDNOTES_HDRFTR_CENTERENDNOTES_HEADER_CENTER with no argument. 
Endnotes page(s) header/footer center string
Macro: 
ENDNOTES_HEADER_CENTER toggleIf your
docprocessing.html#DOCTYPEDOCTYPE is 
CHAPTER and you want mom to include
a centre string in the headers/footers that appear on endnotes pages,
invoke 
ENDNOTES_HEADER_CENTER (or
ENDNOTES_FOOTER_CENTER) with no argument.
Mom's default is NOT to print the center string.
If, for some
reason, having enabled the header/footer center string on endnotes
pages, you wish to disable it, invoke the same macro with any argument
(
OFF, QUIT, Q, X...).
3. Endnotes page head control
Endnotes-page head string
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_STRING "<head to print at the top of endnotes>"By default, 
mom prints the word "ENDNOTES"
as a head at the top of the first page of endnotes.  If you want her
to print something else, invoke 
ENDNOTE_STRING with
the endnotes-page head you want, surrounded by double-quotes.  If
you don't want a head at the top of the first endnotes-page, invoke
ENDNOTE_STRING with a blank argument (either two
double-quotes side by side -- 
"" -- or no argument
at all).
Endnotes-page head control
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.ENDNOTE_STRING_FAMILY    default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.ENDNOTE_STRING_FONT*     default = bold
.ENDNOTE_STRING_SIZE      default = +1
.ENDNOTE_STRING_QUAD      default = centered
*Relative to the size of the endnotes text (set with ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE)
Endnotes-page head underscoring
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_STRING_UNDERSCORE toggle | 2Invoked by itself, 
ENDNOTE_STRING_UNDERSCORE will
underscore the endnotes-page head.  Invoked with the argument 2
(i.e. the digit 2), 
ENDNOTE_STRING_UNDERSCORE will
double-underscore the head.  Invoked with any other argument, the macro
disables underscoring of the head.
Mom's default is to double-underscore the
head, therefore if you want no underscoring, you must insert
.ENDNOTE_STRING_UNDERSCORE OFF (or QUIT, X, NO,
NONE,
 etc.) into your document prior to outputting endnotes with
#ENDNOTESENDNOTES .
4. Endnote document-identification title
Endnote document-identification title string
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_TITLE "<title to identify a document in endnotes>"By default, 
mom identifies the document(s) to which
endnotes belong by the document title(s) given to the
docprocessing.html#TITLETITLE macro.  If you want her to identify the document(s) another way,
invoke 
ENDNOTE_TITLE with the identifying title you
want, surrounded by double-quotes.  If you don't any identifying title,
invoke 
ENDNOTE_TITLE with a blank argument (either two
double-quotes side by side -- 
"" -- or no argument
at all).
Endnote document-identification title control
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
.ENDNOTE_TITLE_FAMILY    default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.ENDNOTE_TITLE_FONT      default = bold
.ENDNOTE_TITLE_SIZE*     default = 0
.ENDNOTE_TITLE_QUAD      default = left
*Relative to the size of the endnotes text (set with ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE)
Endnote document-identification title underscoring
Macro: 
ENDNOTE_TITLE_UNDERSCORE toggleInovked by itself, 
ENDNOTE_TITLE_UNDERSCORE will
underscore the endnote document-identification title.  Invoked with any
other argument, the macro disables underscoring of the title.
Mom's default is to underscore the document-identification title, therefore if you want no underscoring, you must
insert 
.ENDNOTE_TITLE_UNDERSCORE OFF (or QUIT, X, NO,
NONE,
 etc.) into your document prior to outputting endnotes with
#ENDNOTESENDNOTES .
at all.
5. Endnotes-pages endnote numbering style
Endnote numbering style control
See
#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGSArguments to the control macros .
Please note that the control macros for endnote numbering affect only
the numbers that appear on the endnotes pages themselves, not the
endnote numbers that appear in the body of the document(s).
.ENDNOTE_NUMBER_FAMILY    default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.ENDNOTE_NUMBER_FONT      default = bold
.ENDNOTE_NUMBER_SIZE*     default = 0
*Relative to the size of the endnotes text (set with ENDNOTE_PT_SIZE)
Endnote numbering alignment
By default, 
mom hangs the numbers on endnotes pages,
aligned right to two placeholders, producing this:
	 9. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr,
	    sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et
	    dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.
	10. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr,
	    sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et
	    dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.
The macros to alter this behaviour are
	
#ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHTENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHT 	
#ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_LEFTENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_LEFT 	Macro: 
ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHT <number of placeholders> ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHT takes one (non-optional)
argument: the number of placeholders to reserve for right alignment of
endnote numbers.
For example, if you have fewer than ten endnotes, you might want to do
	.ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHT 1
which would ensure that the endnote numbers hang, but are all flush
with the page's left margin.  If, god help you, you have over a hundred
endnotes, you'd want to do
	.ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_RIGHT 3
to ensure that the numbers hang and are properly right-aligned.
	Macro: 
ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_LEFT If you don't want the endnote numbers to hang and right-align, invoke
ENDNOTE_NUMBERS_ALIGN_LEFT, which doesn't require any
argument.  This disables hanging and right-alignment of endnote numbers,
so that the example
#ENDNOTE_NUMBERING_ALIGNMENT_EXAMPLEabove comes out like this:
	9. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr,
	sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et
	dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.
	10. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr,
	sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et
	dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.
Terminate document processing
	
#FINISTag: FINIS 	
#FINIS_STRINGChanging the FINIS string The use of 
FINIS is optional.  If you invoke it
(at the end of a document, of course), 
mom turns off
definitions.html#TERMS_FOOTERfooters (if they're on) and page numbering (if page
numbers are at the bottom of the page) and deposits the word
END, centered after a blank line, beneath the last
line of the document.  END is enclosed between
definitions.html#TERMS_EMem-dashes .
If you're writing in a language other than English, you can
change what 
mom prints for END with
the control macro 
FINIS_STRING.
	Macro: 
FINIS The use of 
FINIS is optional, but if you use
it, it should be the last macro you invoke in a document.  See
#FINIS_INTROabove for a description of how 
FINIS behaves.
NOTE: If you don't use FINIS,
and you don't want
definitions.html#TERMS_FOOTERfooters (if they're on) or a page number at the bottom of the last page of
a document, you have to turn them off manually, as the last two
lines of your document file, like this:
	.FOOTERS OFF
	.PAGINATE OFF
Changing the FINIS string
By default, 
FINIS prints the word
END between
definitions.html#TERMS_EMem-dashes .
If you'd like 
mom to print something else
between the dashes, use the 
FINIS_STRING macro
(anywhere in the document prior to 
FINIS).
For example, if your document's in French, you'd do
	.FINIS_STRING "FIN"
Double-quotes must enclose the macro's argument.
NOTE: If you pass FINIS_STRINGa blank string, i.e.
	.FINIS_STRING ""
mom will still print the em-dashes if you
invoke 
FINIS.  This, in effect, produces a
short, centered horizontal rule that terminates the document.
(In
docprocessing.html.#PRINTSTYLEPRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE ,
it's a short, dashed line composed of four hyphens.)
headfootpage.html#TOPNext   
docprocessing.html#TOPPrev   
#TOPTop   
toc.htmlBack to Table of Contents 