GNU gettext tools, version 0.14.3
Native Language Support Library and Tools
Edition 0.14.3, 8 March 2005
Ulrich Drepper
Jim Meyering
François Pinard
Bruno Haible
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1  Introduction
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1.1  The Purpose of GNU
gettext
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1.2  I18n, L10n, and Such
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1.3  Aspects in Native Language Support
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1.4  Files Conveying Translations
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1.5  Overview of GNU
gettext
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2  PO Files and PO Mode Basics
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2.1  Completing GNU
gettext
Installation
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2.2  The Format of PO Files
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2.3  Main PO mode Commands
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2.4  Entry Positioning
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2.5  Normalizing Strings in Entries
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3  Preparing Program Sources
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3.1  Triggering
gettext
Operations
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3.2  Preparing Translatable Strings
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3.3  How Marks Appear in Sources
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3.4  Marking Translatable Strings
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3.5  Special Comments preceding Keywords
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3.6  Special Cases of Translatable Strings
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3.7  Marking Proper Names for Translation
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3.8  Preparing Library Sources
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4  Making the PO Template File
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4.1  Invoking the
xgettext
Program
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4.1.1  Input file location
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4.1.2  Output file location
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4.1.3  Choice of input file language
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4.1.4  Input file interpretation
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4.1.5  Operation mode
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4.1.6  Language specific options
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4.1.7  Output details
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4.1.8  Informative output
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5  Creating a New PO File
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5.1  Invoking the
msginit
Program
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5.1.1  Input file location
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5.1.2  Output file location
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5.1.3  Input file syntax
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5.1.4  Output details
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5.1.5  Informative output
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5.2  Filling in the Header Entry
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6  Updating Existing PO Files
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6.1  Invoking the
msgmerge
Program
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6.1.1  Input file location
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6.1.2  Operation mode
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6.1.3  Output file location
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6.1.4  Output file location in update mode
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6.1.5  Operation modifiers
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6.1.6  Input file syntax
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6.1.7  Output details
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6.1.8  Informative output
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6.2  Translated Entries
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6.3  Fuzzy Entries
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6.4  Untranslated Entries
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6.5  Obsolete Entries
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6.6  Modifying Translations
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6.7  Modifying Comments
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6.8  Details of Sub Edition
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6.9  C Sources Context
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6.10  Consulting Auxiliary PO Files
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6.11  Using Translation Compendia
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6.11.1  Creating Compendia
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6.11.1.1  Concatenate PO Files
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6.11.1.2  Extract a Message Subset from a PO File
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6.11.2  Using Compendia
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6.11.2.1  Initialize a New Translation File
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6.11.2.2  Update an Existing Translation File
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7  Manipulating PO Files
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7.1  Invoking the
msgcat
Program
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7.1.1  Input file location
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7.1.2  Output file location
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7.1.3  Message selection
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7.1.4  Input file syntax
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7.1.5  Output details
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7.1.6  Informative output
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7.2  Invoking the
msgconv
Program
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7.2.1  Input file location
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7.2.2  Output file location
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7.2.3  Conversion target
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7.2.4  Input file syntax
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7.2.5  Output details
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7.2.6  Informative output
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7.3  Invoking the
msggrep
Program
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7.3.1  Input file location
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7.3.2  Output file location
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7.3.3  Message selection
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7.3.4  Input file syntax
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7.3.5  Output details
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7.3.6  Informative output
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7.4  Invoking the
msgfilter
Program
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7.4.1  Input file location
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7.4.2  Output file location
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7.4.3  The filter
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7.4.4  Useful
filter-option
s when the
filter
is
`sed´
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7.4.5  Input file syntax
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7.4.6  Output details
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7.4.7  Informative output
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7.5  Invoking the
msguniq
Program
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7.5.1  Input file location
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7.5.2  Output file location
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7.5.3  Message selection
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7.5.4  Input file syntax
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7.5.5  Output details
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7.5.6  Informative output
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7.6  Invoking the
msgcomm
Program
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7.6.1  Input file location
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7.6.2  Output file location
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7.6.3  Message selection
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7.6.4  Input file syntax
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7.6.5  Output details
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7.6.6  Informative output
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7.7  Invoking the
msgcmp
Program
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7.7.1  Input file location
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7.7.2  Operation modifiers
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7.7.3  Input file syntax
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7.7.4  Informative output
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7.8  Invoking the
msgattrib
Program
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7.8.1  Input file location
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7.8.2  Output file location
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7.8.3  Message selection
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7.8.4  Attribute manipulation
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7.8.5  Input file syntax
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7.8.6  Output details
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7.8.7  Informative output
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7.9  Invoking the
msgen
Program
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7.9.1  Input file location
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7.9.2  Output file location
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7.9.3  Input file syntax
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7.9.4  Output details
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7.9.5  Informative output
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7.10  Invoking the
msgexec
Program
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7.10.1  Input file location
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7.10.2  Input file syntax
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7.10.3  Informative output
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7.11  Writing your own programs that process PO files
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8  Producing Binary MO Files
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8.1  Invoking the
msgfmt
Program
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8.1.1  Input file location
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8.1.2  Operation mode
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8.1.3  Output file location
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8.1.4  Output file location in Java mode
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8.1.5  Output file location in C# mode
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8.1.6  Output file location in Tcl mode
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8.1.7  Input file syntax
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8.1.8  Input file interpretation
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8.1.9  Output details
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8.1.10  Informative output
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8.2  Invoking the
msgunfmt
Program
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8.2.1  Operation mode
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8.2.2  Input file location
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8.2.3  Input file location in Java mode
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8.2.4  Input file location in C# mode
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8.2.5  Input file location in Tcl mode
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8.2.6  Output file location
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8.2.7  Output details
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8.2.8  Informative output
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8.3  The Format of GNU MO Files
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9  The User's View
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9.1  The Current
`ABOUT-NLS´
Matrix
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9.2  Magic for Installers
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9.3  Magic for End Users
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10  The Programmer's View
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10.1  About
catgets
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10.1.1  The Interface
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10.1.2  Problems with the
catgets
Interface?!
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10.2  About
gettext
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10.2.1  The Interface
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10.2.2  Solving Ambiguities
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10.2.3  Locating Message Catalog Files
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10.2.4  How to specify the output character set
gettext
uses
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10.2.5  Additional functions for plural forms
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10.2.6  How to use
gettext
in GUI programs
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10.2.7  Optimization of the *gettext functions
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10.3  Comparing the Two Interfaces
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10.4  Using libintl.a in own programs
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10.5  Being a
gettext
grok
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10.6  Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
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10.6.1  Temporary - Two Possible Implementations
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10.6.2  Temporary - About
catgets
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10.6.3  Temporary - Why a single implementation
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10.6.4  Temporary - Notes
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11  The Translator's View
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11.1  Introduction 0
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11.2  Introduction 1
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11.3  Discussions
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11.4  Organization
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11.4.1  Central Coordination
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11.4.2  National Teams
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11.4.2.1  Sub-Cultures
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11.4.2.2  Organizational Ideas
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11.4.3  Mailing Lists
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11.5  Information Flow
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11.6  Prioritizing messages: How to determine which messages to translate first
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12  The Maintainer's View
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12.1  Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures
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12.2  Prerequisite Works
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12.3  Invoking the
gettextize
Program
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12.4  Files You Must Create or Alter
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12.4.1
`POTFILES.in´
in
`po/´
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12.4.2
`LINGUAS´
in
`po/´
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12.4.3
`Makevars´
in
`po/´
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12.4.4
`configure.in´
at top level
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12.4.5
`config.guess´
,
`config.sub´
at top level
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12.4.6
`mkinstalldirs´
at top level
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12.4.7
`aclocal.m4´
at top level
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12.4.8
`acconfig.h´
at top level
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12.4.9
`config.h.in´
at top level
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12.4.10
`Makefile.in´
at top level
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12.4.11
`Makefile.in´
in
`src/´
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12.4.12
`gettext.h´
in
`lib/´
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12.5  Autoconf macros for use in
`configure.in´
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12.5.1  AM_GNU_GETTEXT in
`gettext.m4´
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12.5.2  AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION in
`gettext.m4´
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12.5.3  AM_PO_SUBDIRS in
`po.m4´
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12.5.4  AM_ICONV in
`iconv.m4´
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12.6  Integrating with CVS
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12.6.1  Avoiding version mismatch in distributed development
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12.6.2  Files to put under CVS version control
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12.6.3  Invoking the
autopoint
Program
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12.6.3.1  Options
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12.6.3.2  Informative output
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12.7  Creating a Distribution Tarball
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13  Other Programming Languages
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13.1  The Language Implementor's View
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13.2  The Programmer's View
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13.3  The Translator's View
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13.3.1  C Format Strings
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13.3.2  Objective C Format Strings
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13.3.3  Shell Format Strings
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13.3.4  Python Format Strings
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13.3.5  Lisp Format Strings
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13.3.6  Emacs Lisp Format Strings
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13.3.7  librep Format Strings
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13.3.8  Scheme Format Strings
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13.3.9  Smalltalk Format Strings
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13.3.10  Java Format Strings
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13.3.11  C# Format Strings
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13.3.12  awk Format Strings
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13.3.13  Object Pascal Format Strings
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13.3.14  YCP Format Strings
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13.3.15  Tcl Format Strings
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13.3.16  Perl Format Strings
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13.3.17  PHP Format Strings
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13.3.18  GCC internal Format Strings
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13.3.19  Qt Format Strings
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13.4  The Maintainer's View
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13.5  Individual Programming Languages
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13.5.1  C, C++, Objective C
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13.5.2  sh - Shell Script
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13.5.2.1  Preparing Shell Scripts for Internationalization
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13.5.2.2  Contents of
gettext.sh
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13.5.2.3  Invoking the
gettext
program
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13.5.2.4  Invoking the
ngettext
program
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13.5.2.5  Invoking the
envsubst
program
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13.5.2.6  Invoking the
eval_gettext
function
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13.5.2.7  Invoking the
eval_ngettext
function
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13.5.3  bash - Bourne-Again Shell Script
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13.5.4  Python
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13.5.5  GNU clisp - Common Lisp
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13.5.6  GNU clisp C sources
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13.5.7  Emacs Lisp
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13.5.8  librep
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13.5.9  GNU guile - Scheme
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13.5.10  GNU Smalltalk
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13.5.11  Java
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13.5.12  C#
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13.5.13  GNU awk
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13.5.14  Pascal - Free Pascal Compiler
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13.5.15  wxWindows library
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13.5.16  YCP - YaST2 scripting language
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13.5.17  Tcl - Tk's scripting language
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13.5.18  Perl
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13.5.18.1  General Problems Parsing Perl Code
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13.5.18.2  Which keywords will xgettext look for?
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13.5.18.3  How to Extract Hash Keys
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13.5.18.4  What are Strings And Quote-like Expressions?
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13.5.18.5  Invalid Uses Of String Interpolation
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13.5.18.6  Valid Uses Of String Interpolation
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13.5.18.7  When To Use Parentheses
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13.5.18.8  How To Grok with Long Lines
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13.5.18.9  Bugs, Pitfalls, And Things That Do Not Work
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13.5.19  PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
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13.5.20  Pike
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13.5.21  GNU Compiler Collection sources
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13.6  Internationalizable Data
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13.6.1  POT - Portable Object Template
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13.6.2  Resource String Table
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13.6.3  Glade - GNOME user interface description
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14  Concluding Remarks
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14.1  History of GNU
gettext
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14.2  Related Readings
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A  Language Codes
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B  Country Codes
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Program Index
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Option Index
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Variable Index
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PO Mode Index
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Autoconf Macro Index
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General Index
This document was generated on 8 March 2005 using the
http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/
texi2html
translator version 1.52a.
